| 词条 | Philanthrocapitalism |
| 释义 |
HistoryThe term was coined by Matthew Bishop and Michael Green in their book Philanthrocapitalism: How the Rich Can Save The World. The book was endorsed by Bill Clinton, who wrote in its foreword that this concept drives the Clinton Foundation.[2] The shift in implementing business models in charity is not a new concept – John Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie sought to apply their business strategies in their philanthropy in the twentieth century.[3] Since then, a significant increase in charity spending by other organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, both described as examples of philanthrocapitalism, has been noted.[4][5][6] These more modern organizations differ from other groups or organizations since their funds come more from the private capital of an individual rather than donors or profit from physical products.[5] The integration of business models in charity foundations has focused on a symbiotic relationship between social responsibility and the local, national, and international markets.[5] Philanthrocapitalism has been compared and contrasted with altruism due to the similar stated goals of the movements’ advocates.[6] CriticismThere are many criticisms of philanthrocapitalism beginning with the limited transparency and accountability involved.[2] There are also concerns that private philanthropy erodes support for governmental spending on public services.[2] The main worry with this practice is that collectively, it can lead to tax revenue problems for the government.[4] Donations are still going towards philanthropy, but some public services may not be able to utilize these funds because they may never receive them.[4] Because of this, there is concern from John Cassidy that the wealth of a few may be able to determine what organizations receive the most funding.[4] It was also noticed by Linsey McGoey that many current and past philanthropists amassed their fortunes by predatory business practices which enhanced the very social problems their philanthropy is intended to alleviate.[2] Finally there are concerns of the existence of ulterior motives.[2] These ulterior motives can range from business owners avoiding capital-gains taxes by donating their company's excess stock instead of selling it and estate taxes which would be assessed onto their family to collecting tax credits from the government.[2][4] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url= |title=The birth of philanthrocapitalism -The leading new philanthropists see themselves as social investors |date=23 February 2006 |work=Economist }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 Linsey McGoey, No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy, {{ISBN|1784781193}} , 2015 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Birn|first1=Anne-Emanuelle|title=Philanthrocapitalism, past and present: The Rockefeller Foundation, the Gates Foundation, and the setting(s) of the international/global health agenda|journal=Hypothesis|date=January 2014|volume=12|issue=1}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/mark-zuckerberg-and-the-rise-of-philanthrocapitalism |title=Mark Zuckerberg and the Rise of Philanthrocapitalism |first=John |last=Cassidy|date=December 2, 2015|work=The New Yorker }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://www.hinnovic.org/philanthrocapitalism-gates-foundation-global-health-with-linsey-mcgoey/|title=Philanthrocapitalism, the Gates Foundation and global health – an interview with Linsey McGoey |date=23 April 2013 |work=hinnovic.org}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=McGoey|first1=Linsey|title=Philanthrocapitalism and its critics|journal=Poetics|volume=40|issue=2|page=185-199}} Sources
2 : Philanthropy|Social finance |
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