词条 | Phileas (public transport) |
释义 |
}}{{Expand Dutch|Phileas (OV)|date=March 2009}} Phileas is a bus rapid transit, developed by Samenwerkingsverband Regio Eindhoven (SRE), Netherlands, along with some other companies for the Cooperation Foundation Eindhoven Region (most prominently; APTS and Bombardier). It is an advanced guided bus intended to deliver tram-like public transport at a very low cost: the infrastructure is much cheaper, because of less maintenance, and there are no rails and overhead lines. The biggest feature of the bus is the recharging of the battery by means of electromagnetic induction; which means that the battery can be made much smaller, and thus less heavy and environmentally damaging.[1][2] The project started in the late 1990s; there was a wish to demonstrate the high technology level and technical knowledge in the Eindhoven area and to create jobs. The project has cost more than two billion euros, including infrastructure changes. Origin of namePhileas is called after Phileas Fogg, the protagonist in Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne because of the high speed and ability to be on time. NavigationThe Phileas mainly drives on a bus lane, following a pre-programmed route defined by magnets built into the road. The FROG technique used allowed driverless operation, though in fact for legal reasons a driver is always present - the budget prevented the Phileas from being completely separated from ordinary traffic. However several years ago the regional authority for urban transport in Eindhoven (SRE) decided to stop using the magnetic guidance system. SafetyThe computer system inside the Phileas buses is designed according to Safety Integrity Level SIL-4. It controls the vehicle's speed and direction and has a triple-redundant, fail-safe architecture. This means that one system consists of three single-board computers in a 2-out-of-3 configuration. Each is installed in a different place in the bus, so as to avoid a complete system failure in case of a vehicle collision. Every single computer obtains data from all sensors via two CAN bus connections and compares them with the other two computers' results. In case of data mismatch, the bus is switched off and the entire system goes into safe state, which means that the bus stops and opens its doors.[3] LicenseOn 3 November 2005 a license & technology transfer agreement was signed between Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS) and the Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI). KRRI developed the Korean version of Phileas vehicle by May 2011.[4] In December 2009, APTS, the manufacturer of the Phileas Tram, signed a contract with Ballard Fuel Cells of Vancouver to supply zero emission engines for the Phileas. The Phileas Trams are in successful operation in the Netherlands, Turkey, Korea and Israel.[5] They were also in use for a time in Douai in France, but persistent unreliability led to their replacement by traditional articulated buses just 4 years after their introduction.[6] Challenges of the Metrobus project in IstanbulIstanbul Metropolitan Municipality purchased 50 Phileas bi-articulated vehicles for the Metrobus project. Due to overcrowding on vehicles (as many as 300 passengers were being crammed into trams that originally had been designed for 185), and the hilly terrain of Istanbul, the Phileas bus needed modifications to the axles. Changes were made to accommodate the higher passenger traffic. See also
External links{{Commonscat|APTS Phileas}}
SourcesThis article incorporates parts of the Dutch Wikipedia entry, nl:Phileas (OV) References1. ^Electromagnetic recharging {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721130008/http://www.nistep.go.jp/achiev/ftx/eng/stfc/stt029e/qr29pdf/STTqr2903.pdf |date=2011-07-21 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Phileas (Public Transport)}}2. ^Phileasbus using electromagnetic induction {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927211654/http://www.path.berkeley.edu/PATH/Publications/PDF/PRR/2007/PRR-2007-21.pdf |date=2011-09-27 }} 3. ^{{cite web| title = Driverless Bus Guidance Computer System| publisher = MEN Micro| url = http://www.menmicro.com/applications/railways-transport,30AP034.html| accessdate = 2010-09-21}} 4. ^Bimodal Transportation Research Center 5. ^See Metronit article. 6. ^La voix du Nord du 22 novembre 2014, édition du Douaisis {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228231933/http://www.moviken.com/pdf/article%20vdn_13_douai_22_11_14.pdf |date=2014-12-28 }} 7. ^Another electric bus with recharging system at bus stops (bottom) 8. ^TOSA2013 The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric “flash” recharging of the buses at selected stops (overhead conductive charging) 2 : Bus rapid transit|Transport in the Netherlands |
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