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词条 Philip M. Parker
释义

  1. Biography

  2. Work

     Books on economics  Online dictionary  Automatically generated books  Economic-development initiatives  Digital poetry  Sources 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Redirect|Philip Parker|the English politician, died 1675|Philip Parker (of Erwarton)|the English politician, c. 1625–1690|Sir Philip Parker, 1st Baronet}}Philip M. Parker (born June 20, 1960) holds the INSEAD Chair Professorship of Management Science at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France). He has patented a method to automatically produce a set of similar books from a template which is filled with data from database and internet searches.[1] He claims that his programs have written more than 200,000 books.[2][3] Parker publishes the automated books through Icon Group International, using several Icon group subheadings. Via EdgeMaven Media, he also provides applications for firms from different business domains to create their own computer-authored content material.[4][5]

Biography

Born dyslexic, Parker early on developed a passion for dictionaries.[3] He gained undergraduate degrees in mathematics, biology, and economics. He received a Ph.D. in business economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and has master's degrees in finance and banking from Aix-Marseille University and managerial economics from Wharton.

He was a senior consultant at EMCI, and an economist for Nathan Associates in Washington, D.C., before moving to the European graduate business school and research institution INSEAD.[6]

Work

Books on economics

As well as co-authoring some technical economic articles, Parker has written six books on national economic development and economic divergence. These insist that consumer utility and consumption functions must be bounded by physical laws, against economic axioms which violate laws of physics such as conservation of energy.{{Clarify|date=February 2012}}

  • Climatic Effects on Individual, Social and Economic Behavior, Greenwood Press, 1995
  • Cross-Cultural Statistical Encyclopedia of the World, Greenwood Press, 1997. A four-volume encyclopedia, which recasts international national economic statistics of the world into linguistic, religious, and ethnic groups.
  • Physioeconomics: The Basis for Long-Run Economic Growth. MIT Press, 2000. This forecasts global economic and demographic trends to the year 2100: he concludes that long-run economic convergence between different cultural groups is unlikely. He provides an explanation of why distance from the equator matters in economic development. His explanation of the equatorial paradox is based on the following:
  • # humans are tropical mammals, most adapted to live in a climate with temperature around {{convert|25|°C|°F}};
  • #as the distance from the equator increases, the angle of the sun is smaller and the average temperature goes down, and one's exposure to natural sunlight diminishes;
  • # to survive in places distant from the equator, people had to learn and master how to produce clothes, food, etc., to survive, not for luxury;
  • # from this point of view, GDP is heavily weighted as an indicator of natural misery of the environment one lives in;
  • # by mastering methods to survive over centuries humans in the higher latitudes accumulated more knowledge and physical technologies to produce goods;
  • # as populations increased, social technologies (institutions, law, etc.) developed as adaptive mechanisms;
  • # these social technologies and cultural traits enabled reproduction of social and physical technologies over centuries of increasing cumulative social, cultural, and physical capital.

Online dictionary

Parker is also involved—as entrepreneur publisher and editor—in new media reference work projects. He is the instigator of Webster's Online Dictionary: The Rosetta Edition, a multilingual online dictionary created in 1999 and using the "Webster's" name, now in the public domain.[7][8][9] This site compiles different online dictionaries and encyclopedia including the Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), the Wiktionary, and Wikipedia.[10]

Automatically generated books

Most of Parker's automatically generated books target niche markets (the "long tail" concept). Examples include:

  • Books series on medical subjects published by Icon Health Publications and coauthored with James N. Parker. The Official Patient's Sourcebook series deals with classic diseases like spinal stenosis or autoimmune hepatitis.[11][12] The 3-in-1 Medical Reference series deals with general medical topics like hemoglobin.[13]
  • A series on the future demand for certain products in certain regions in the world, largely consisting of tables and graphs, published by his company Icon Group International, Inc. One book, The 2009-2014 World Outlook for 60-milligram Containers of Fromage Frais, won the 2008 Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year.[14]
  • A series on cross-language crossword puzzle books, e.g. Webster's English to Italian Crossword Puzzles: Level 1, and thesauri, e.g. Webster's Quechua – English Thesaurus Dictionary published by Icon Group International, Inc. Some of these titles raised concerns with linguists who claimed inaccuracies and ownership/citation rights in certain languages covered in these volumes. Parker removed the concerned titles from print stating that he had not known that anyone claimed intellectual property rights over languages.[15]
  • A series of quotation collections subtitled Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases, each volume assembling quotations which feature a specific English word. Excerpts are drawn from public domain literary sources and reference works, and from Wikipedia articles (identified as "WP" after a quotation).[16] The English professor Nicholas Royle noted that Veering: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases contained quotations unrelated to the word "veering" or using "Veer" only as a proper name; he described the book as "quite bizarre" and "absurdly expensive".[17]

All books are self-published paperbacks. Ninety-five percent of the ordered books are sent out electronically; the rest are print on demand.[3] Parker plans to extend the programs to produce romance novels.[2]

Economic-development initiatives

Beginning in 1998, Parker launched literacy initiatives, based on his consultations with the World Bank, designed to create educational materials for under-served languages. These have included programs which can produce scripts for animated game shows intended to teach English to non-native speakers, some of which are available on YouTube. Recently he has collaborated with various projects sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In one project, Parker worked with Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA) by assisting researchers to more quickly synthesize the dispersed information on useful tropical plants. This resulted in the creation of a public access portal covering the biodiversity of plants in Africa.[18] In another he is engaged in creating automated rural radio weather programs in collaboration with Farmer Voice Radio.[19] Similar projects are underway with The Grameen Foundation, Farm Radio International, and the GSM Association, generating radio scripts, agricultural call center content, and SMS content platforms in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, and India, among other developing counties.[20]

Digital poetry

Using a collection of automation programs called "Eve", Parker has applied his techniques within his dictionary project to digital poetry; he reports posting over 1.3 million poems, aspiring to reach one poem for each word found in the English language.[21] He refers to these as "graph theoretic poems" since they are generated using graph theory, where "graph" refers to mathematical values that relate words to each other in a semantic web. He has posted in the thesaurus section of his online dictionary the values used in these algorithms. Genres produced include the following: acrostic, butterfly, cinquain, diamante, ekphrastic, fib or Fibonacci poetry, gnomic poetry, haiku, Kural, limerick, mirror cinquain, nonet, octosyllable, pi, quinzaine, Rondelet, sonnet, tanka, unitoum, waka, simple verse, and xenia epigram. Genres were created by Parker to allow one genre of poem for each letter of the English alphabet, including Yoda, for Y (poetry using the grammar structure of the famous Star Wars character), and Zedd for Z (poems shaped like the letter Z). His poems are didactic in nature, and either define the entry word in question, or highlight its antonyms. He has stated plans to expand these to many languages and is experimenting with other poetic forms.[22]

Sources

Sources for the content of some books are electronic databases. These sources are cited in the published works.[23][24]

See also

{{portal|Biography|Books|Economics}}
  • Books LLC
  • Racter
  • VDM Publishing
{{clear}}

References

Notes
1. ^Method and apparatus for automated authoring and marketing {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119175433/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7%2C266%2C767.PN.&OS=PN%2F7%2C266%2C767&RS=PN%2F7%2C266%2C767 |date=2018-01-19 }}', U.S. Patent 7,266,767, 4 September 2007
2. ^1 {{Cite web |last = Cohen |first = Noam |title = He Wrote 200,000 Books (but Computers Did Some of the Work) |work = The New York Times |date = 2008-04-14 |accessdate = 2010-08-03 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/14/business/media/14link.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5righCQec?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/14/business/media/14link.html?_r=3 |archivedate = 2010-08-04 |dead-url = no |df = }}
3. ^1 2 Ein Mann sieht Code {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130211100424/www.ftd.de/lifestyle/outofoffice/353773.html |date=2013-02-11 }}, Financial Times Deutschland, 9 May 2008. {{de icon}}
4. ^{{Cite web |title = EdgeMaven Media: Automated Authoring and Content Creation |accessdate = 2010-08-03 |url = http://www.edgemaven.com/Home_Page.html |year = 2010 |work = Edgemaven.com |publisher = Icon Group International, Inc |location = San Diego |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rilLoQ6H?url=http://www.edgemaven.com/Home_Page.html |archivedate = 2010-08-04 |dead-url = no |df = }}
5. ^{{Cite web |last = Strauss |first = Victoria |authorlink = Victoria Strauss |title = The most published author in the history of the planet |work = Writer Beware |accessdate = 2010-08-03 |date = 2009-06-19 |url = http://accrispin.blogspot.com/2009/06/victoria-strauss-most-published-author.html |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rifp73aV?url=http://accrispin.blogspot.com/2009/06/victoria-strauss-most-published-author.html |archivedate = 2010-08-04 |dead-url = no |df = }}
6. ^Parker's INSEAD web page {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204073117/http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/profiles/pparker/ |date=2007-02-04 }}.
7. ^{{cite web|title=The Editor – Philip M. Parker is the instigator behind Webster's Online Dictionary: The Rosetta Edition (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)|work=websters-online-dictionary.org|publisher=Icon Group International, Inc|accessdate=2010-08-29|url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/credits/editor.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sKgwgycb?url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/credits/editor.html|archivedate=2010-08-29|dead-url=yes|df=}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=EdgeMaven Media – Case Studies – Web Site Creation – World’s largest multilingual dictionary: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org).|accessdate=2010-08-31|url=http://www.edgemaven.com/Case_Studies.html|year=2010|work=Edgemaven.com|publisher=Icon Group International, Inc|location=San Diego|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sNxWfUZk?url=http://www.edgemaven.com/Case_Studies.html|archivedate=2010-08-31|dead-url=no|df=}}
9. ^{{Cite web|title=Fascinating facts about Philip Parker inventor of the W-O-D Project in 1999.|work=Ideafinder.com|publisher=Vaunt Design Group|accessdate=2010-08-31|date=2006-11-01|url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/parker.htm|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sNydiiti?url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/parker.htm|archivedate=2010-08-31|dead-url=no|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Webster's Online Dictionary. Definition: dictionary|work=websters-online-dictionary.org|publisher=Icon Group International, Inc|accessdate=2010-08-29|url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/credits/editor.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sM3Z7U4T?url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/dictionary?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744:v0qd01-tdlq|archivedate=2010-08-29|dead-url=yes|df=}}
11. ^{{cite book|title=The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Spinal Stenosis |ISBN =978-0597831942|editor1= James N. Parker |editor2= Philip M. Parker }}
12. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.050|issn=0016-5085|volume=126|issue=3|pages=929|last1=Heneghan|first1=Michael A.|last2=McFarlane|first2=Ian G.|title=Book review. The Official Patient's Sourcebook on autoimmune hepatitis: Edited by James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker. 192 pp. $28.95. Icon Health Publications, San Diego, California, 2002. ISBN 0-597-83418-0|journal=Gastroenterology|accessdate=2010-08-28|date=March 2004|url=http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0016-5085/PIIS0016508504001337.pdf|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sJWVI05C?url=http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0016-5085/PIIS0016508504001337.pdf|archivedate=2010-08-28|format=PDF|dead-url=no|df=}}
13. ^{{cite book|publisher=Icon Health Publications|isbn=0-597-83977-8|editor1-first=James N.|editor1-last=Parker|editor2-first=Philip M.|editor2-last=Parker|title=Hemoglobin – A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References|location=San Diego|series=The 3-in-1 Medical Reference|year=2004|url=http://203.172.120.45/homelibrary/EBook_data/Hemoglobin%20A%20Medical%20Dictionary,%20Bibliography,%20and%20Annotated%20Research%20Guide%20to%20Internet%20Reference.pdf|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sKCyhj5U?url=http://203.172.120.45/homelibrary/EBook_data/Hemoglobin%20A%20Medical%20Dictionary%2C%20Bibliography%2C%20and%20Annotated%20Research%20Guide%20to%20Internet%20Reference.pdf|archivedate=2010-08-28|format=PDF|access-date=2010-08-29|dead-url=no|df=}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/81144-fromage-frais-wins-odd-title-prize.html|title=Fromage Frais wins odd title prize|work=Thebookseller.com|publisher=The Bookseller Media Group|location=London|date=2009-03-27|accessdate=2009-03-27|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5swvh8N8j?url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/81144-fromage-frais-wins-odd-title-prize.html|archivedate=2010-09-23|dead-url=yes|df=}}
15. ^{{cite web|last=Gibson|first=Joel|title=Puzzled publisher at a loss for words|work=smh.com.au|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=2010-08-06|date=2008-12-19|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/puzzled-publisher-at-a-loss-for-words/2008/12/18/1229189804499.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rnOOcU5C?url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/puzzled-publisher-at-a-loss-for-words/2008/12/18/1229189804499.html|archivedate=2010-08-07|dead-url=no|df=}} And: {{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/technology/publisher-at-a-loss-for-words/2008/12/18/1229189864019.html|title=Publisher at a loss for words|publisher=Brisbane Times|date=2008-12-19|accessdate=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219185228/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/technology/publisher-at-a-loss-for-words/2008/12/18/1229189864019.html|archive-date=2008-12-19|dead-url=no|df=}}
16. ^{{cite book|title=Ducking: Webster’s Quotations, Facts and Phrases|last=Icon Group International, Inc|publisher=Icon Group International, Inc|isbn=0-546-69470-5 |page=ii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISES7TX4TE8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PT2#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=2009-11-27|date=2008-11-26 }}
17. ^{{cite book |last=Royle |first=Nicholas |title=Veering: A Theory of Literature |place=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7486-3654-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgvsAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA11&ots=RXnVQAlfUX&pg=PA11#v=onepage&f=false |accessdate=2014-10-19 |page=11 }}
18. ^{{cite web|last=Gomba|first=Joash|title=Authoring and editing of articles made simple|work=Prota.co.ke|publisher=PROTA: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa|accessdate=2011-01-26|year=2010|url=http://www.prota.co.ke/enewsletter/authoring.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5w16WpWHo?url=http://www.prota.co.ke/enewsletter/bioprospecting.html|archivedate=2011-01-26|dead-url=no|df=}}
19. ^'Introducing Farmer Voice Radio {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705123710/http://www.farmervoice.org/ |date=2011-07-05 }} farmervoice.org.
20. ^Web Profile – Philip M. Parker {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204073117/http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/profiles/pparker/ |date=2007-02-04 }}. insead.edu.
21. ^An Introduction to "graph theoretic poetry" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601051803/http://totopoetry.com/credits/graphtheoreticpoetry.htm |date=2015-06-01 }}. websters-online-dictionary.org. Icon Group International, Inc.
22. ^"Graph theoretic" Poetic Forms {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601051857/http://totopoetry.com/poetry/poeticforms.htm |date=2015-06-01 }}. websters-online-dictionary.org. Icon Group International, Inc.
23. ^{{cite web|last=Slocum|first=Mac|authorlink=|title=Q&A: Philip Parker, Developer of Automated Authoring Platform|work=Radar.oreilly.com|publisher=Tools of Change for Publishing; a division of O'Reilly Media, Inc.|location=Sebastopol, California|date=April 30, 2008|url=http://radar.oreilly.com/2008/04/qa-phil-parker-developer-of-au.html|format=web|accessdate=2011-12-28|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64GRomkZw?url=http://radar.oreilly.com/2008/04/qa-phil-parker-developer-of-au.html|archivedate=2011-12-28|dead-url=no|df=}}
24. ^{{cite book |title=Ducking: Webster’s Quotations, Facts and Phrases|last=Icon Group International, Inc|first=|authorlink=|year= |publisher= Icon Group International, Inc|location= |isbn=0-546-69470-5|page=|pages=87|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ISES7TX4TE8C&dq=Ducking:+Webster%27s+Quotations,+Facts+and+Phrases&printsec=frontcover#PPP3,M1|date=2008-11-26}}
Further reading
  • Abrahams, Marc (January 29, 2008). "Speed Writing{{spaced ndash}}Take a Leaf Out of Philip M Parker's Book", The Guardian. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  • Abrahams, Marc (February 4, 2008). "Automatic Writing{{spaced ndash}}Further Volumes of Philip M Parker". The Guardian. Retrieved February 24, 2012.

External links

  • Faculty page at INSEAD
  • {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n88-265944}}
  • {{worldcat id|name=Icon Group International, Inc|id=lccn-nr00-19652}}
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkS5PkHQphY Video of Phil Parker explaining his software]
  • Philip M. Parker's poetry site written using computer algorithms
  • Philip M. Parker's anagram site with anagrams found in natural language strings
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Parker, Philip M.}}

12 : Place of birth missing (living people)|1960 births|Living people|American non-fiction writers|21st-century American economists|American expatriates in France|American publishers (people)|INSEAD faculty|Medical dictionaries|Online dictionaries|Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni|21st-century American inventors
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