| 词条 | Phlaocyon |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Oligocene|Early Miocene}} | image = Phlaocyon.png | image_caption = Type specimen of Phlaocyon leucosteus | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Phlaocyon | authority = {{Harvnb|Matthew|1899|p=54}} | type_species = †P. leucosteus | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =
| synonyms =
}} Phlaocyon (from Greek phlao, "eat greedily" and cyon, "dog")[1] is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae and a terrestrial canid which inhabited most of North America during the Whitneyan stage of the Early Oligocene through Late Hemingfordian stage of the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya existing for approximately {{Mya|33.3-16|million years}}.[2] It is closely related to Cynarctoides. PhylogenyWhen discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, Phlaocyon was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but {{Harvnb|Hough|1948}} was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in P. leucosteus and Phlaocyon in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons.[3] P. mariae and P. yatkolai, both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and towards a more hypercarnivorous dentition.[4]AnatomyPhlaocyon was about {{convert|80|cm|in}} in body length, and looked more like a cat or raccoon than a dog, but its skull anatomy shows it to be a primitive canid. Phlaocyon probably lived like a raccoon, often climbing trees. Its head was short, wide, and had forward-facing eyes. Unlike modern canides, Phlaocyon had no specialised teeth for slicing flesh. It is thought to have been an omnivore.[5]{{Harvnb|Legendre|Roth|1988}} estimated the body mass of two specimens to be {{Convert|1.81|-|1.87|kg}}.[6]Fossil distribution
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{Harvnb|Wang|Tedford|2008}} 2. ^{{Cite web | title = Phlaocyon | publisher = Fossilworks | url = http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=41235 | accessdate = September 2014}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Wang|Tedford|Taylor|1999|p=66}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Wang|Tedford|Taylor|1999|pp=83–85}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Palmer|1999|p=312}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Legendre|Roth|1988}} 7. ^{{Cite web | title = SB-1A ( of the United States) | publisher = Fossilworks | url = http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=collectionSearch&collection_list=17837 | accessdate = September 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web | title = Buda Mine Site | publisher = Fossilworks | url = http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=collectionSearch&collection_no=17764 | accessdate = September 2014}} Sources{{Refbegin}}
| last = Cope | first = E. D. | authorlink = Edward Drinker Cope | title = On the Nimravidae and Canidae of the Miocene period | year = 1881 | journal = Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Territories | volume = 6 | pages = 165–181 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98522#page/210/mode/2up | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| last = Frailey | first = D. | title = The large mammals of the Buda Local Fauna (Arikareean: Alachua County, Florida) | year = 1979 | journal = Bull. Florida State Mus. Biol. Sci. | volume = 2| issue = 2 | pages = 123–173 | url = http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095833/00001/14?search=bassariscops+achoros | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| last = Hayes | first = F. G. | title = The Brooksville 2 local fauna (Arikareean, latest Oligocene) Hernando County, Florida | year = 2000 | journal = Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History | volume = 43 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–47 | url = http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095780/00001/36?search=taylori | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| last = Hough | first = J. R. | title = The auditory region in some members of the Procyonidae, Canidae and Ursidae: its significance in the phylogeny of the Carnivora. | year = 1948 | journal = Bulletin of the AMNH | volume = 92 | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2246/921 | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Legendre | first1 = S. | author1-link = Serge Legendre | last2 = Roth | first2 = C. | author2-link = Claudia Roth | title = Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (Mammalia) | year = 1988 | journal = Historical Biology | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 85–98 | doi = 10.1080/08912968809386468 | ref = harv}}
| last = Matthew | first = W. D. | authorlink = William Diller Matthew | title = A provisional classification of the fresh-water Tertiary of the West | year = 1899 | journal = Bulletin of the AMNH | volume = 12 | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1534 | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| last = Matthew | first = W. D. | title = A lower Miocene fauna from South Dakota | year = 1907 | journal = Bulletin of the AMNH | volume = 23 | pages = 169–219 | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1483 | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| last = McGrew | first = P. O. | title = A new procyonid from the Miocene of Nebraska | year = 1941 | journal = Field Museum of Natural History | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 33–36 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21587#page/6/mode/2up | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}
| editor-last = Palmer | editor-first = D. | title = The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals | year = 1999 | publisher = Marshall Editions | location = London | isbn= 1-84028-152-9 | ref = harv}}
| last= Peterson | first = O. A. | title = The Miocene beds of western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming and their vertebrate faunae | year = 1907 | journal = Annals of the Carnegie Museum | volume = 4 | pages = 21–72 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122993#page/106/mode/2up | accessdate = September 2013 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Romer | first1 = A. S. | author1-link = Alfred Sherwood Romer | last2 = Sutton | first2 = A. H. | title = A new arctoid carnivore from the lower Miocene | year = 1927 | journal = American Journal of Science | series = 5 | volume = 14 | issue = 84 | pages = 459–464 | doi = 10.2475/ajs.s5-14.84.459 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Wang | first1 = X. | author1-link = Xiaoming Wang (paleontologist) | last2 = Tedford | first2 = R. H. | author2-link = Richard H. Tedford | title = Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History | year = 2008 | location = New York | publisher = Columbia University Press | isbn = 978-0-231-13528-3 | ref = harv}} (with illustrations by Mauricio Antón)
| last1 = Wang | first1 = X. | last2 = Tedford | first2 = R. H. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = B. E. | title = Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae) | year = 1999 | journal = Bulletin of the AMNH | volume = 243 | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1588 | accessdate = September 2014 | ref = harv}}{{Refend}}{{Canidae extinct nav}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2330531}}{{paleo-carnivora-stub}}{{canid-stub}} 8 : Borophagines|Oligocene canids|Miocene canids|Burdigalian genus extinctions|Cenozoic mammals of North America|Prehistoric mammal genera|Rupelian genus first appearances|Fossil taxa described in 1899 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。