| 词条 | Phosphatidylglycerol |
| 释义 |
The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2. The head group substituent glycerol is bonded through a phosphomonoester. It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity. Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering around 2% of the alveolar walls. Once surfactant is secreted by the type II cells, it must be spread over the remaining type I cellular surface area. Phosphatidylglycerol is thought to be important in spreading of surfactant over the Type I cellular surface area. The major surfactant deficiency in premature infants relates to the lack of phosphatidylglycerol, even though it comprises less than 5% of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. It is synthesized by head group exchange of a phosphatidylcholine enriched phospholipid using the enzyme phospholipase D. BiosynthesisPhosphatidic acid reacts with CTP, producing CDP-diacylglycerol, with loss of pyrophosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate reacts with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, while CMP is released. The phosphate group is hydrolysed forming phosphatidylglycerol. Two phosphatidylglycerols form cardiolipin, the constituent molecule of the mitochondrial inner membrane.[2] See also
References1. ^{{cite journal| authors=Richard J. King, Mary Catherine MacBeth |date=6 October 1981 |title=Interaction of the lipid and protein components of pulmonarysurfactant Role of phosphatidylglycerol and calcium |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes |volume=647 |issue=2 |pages=159–168 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000527368190242X |doi=10.1016/0005-2736(81)90242-X}} 2. ^{{cite journal |author=Ying-Ying Chang and Eugene P. Kennedy |date=September 1967 |title=Biosynthesis of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate in Escherichia coli |journal=The Journal of Lipid Research |volume=8 |pages=447–455 |url=http://www.jlr.org/content/8/5/447.short |issue=5| pmid = 4860577}} External links
2 : Phospholipids|Membrane biology |
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