| 词条 | Phra Phrom |
| 释义 |
Phra Phrom ({{lang-th|พระพรหม}}; from Sanskrit: Brahma, ब्रह्मा) is the Thai representation of the Hindu god Brahma (the god of the manifested world),[1] who is regarded in Thai culture as a deity of good fortune and protection. According to puranas, Brahma has four faces representing four Vedas or knowledge coming from four directions: north, south, east and west.[2] Phra Phrom is colloquially known outside Thailand as the Four-Faced Awakened One (四面佛, Sìmiànfó) or Four-Faced God (四面神 Simianshen) among Chinese folk religious worshippers, among whom the faith of this god has spread in the latest decades. WorshipWorshippers of the god usually offer incense, candles, jasmine flowers or jasmine garlands and young coconut milk (with water in them) in their worship, usually placing these offerings before all four heads of Phra Phrom, each head representing a different aspect of the deity; it is believed each side of Phra Phrom offers different blessings. Another common way of worship is to place wooden elephant statues on the altar to honor him. Phra Phrom is also known to admire Thai classical music, which is played near larger scale outdoor altars, accompanied by dancers. For a small fee, the dancers include worshiper's name into the songs they sing while dancing. Worshipers of Phra Phrom are also usually advised to abstain from consuming meat. It is also believed that worshipers have to make good on any promises made to the deity else misfortune will befall them instead of the fortune that was asked for. Items needed for prayers are available in the premises of the shrine. The main example of this representation of Brahma is the statue at the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok, where the faith of the god has its origins in modern times.[3] The golden dome of the Government House of Thailand also contains a statue of Phra Phrom. Spread of the cult among ChineseAs early as the 1980s, the popularity of the Erawan cult of Brahma from its inceptions in Thailand spread, accompanied by faithful reproduction of the structure of the shrine and the image, among overseas Chinese in other countries of Southeast Asia (Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia), in Taiwan, and in China, with shrines established in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Guangzhou. {{gallery|mode=packed|File:高雄橋頭四面佛.jpg|A Chinese altar dedicated to Brahma in Kaohsiung. |File:Erawan Shrine of Xixin Chan Temple, picture3.jpg|Brahma shrine at Xixin Chan Temple in Hunan, China. |File:Thai 4 Buddies.jpg|Brahma statue at the Erawan Shrine, Bangkok |File:Phra Phrom of Koon Ngam Ching Yuen.JPG|Brahma statue of Koon Ngam Ching Yuen, Sha Tin, Hong Kong |File:Phra Phrom Statues of Chuk Lam Sim Monastery Fu Yung Shan Tsuen Wan Hong Kong.JPG|Brahma statue of Chuk Lam Sim, Fu Yung Shan, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong |File:Phra Phrom at 10000 Buddha Temple Hong Kong.JPG|Brahma at the Ten Thousand Buddhas Monastery, Sha Tin, Hong Kong |File:Giant She Mien Fo Statue at Sanggar Agung Temple, Surabaya, Indonesia.jpg|Brahma statue at Sanggar Agung, Surabaya, Indonesia. |File:Lao Brahma.jpg|Statue of Brahma in a Laotian Buddhist temple. |File:011 Brahma (9140918769).jpg|Brahma statue in Wat Phothivihan, Kelantan, Malaysia. |File:Phra Phrom.gif|Brahma riding the Hong bird, old statue. }} See also
General articles
References1. ^https://www.tourismthailand.org/Attraction/Erawan-Shrine--2140 2. ^Barbara Holdrege (2012), Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-1438406954}}, pages 88–89 3. ^http://www.bangkok-traveltips.com/erawan-shrine.htm External links{{commons category|Statues of Phra Phrom}}
5 : Thai culture|Fortune gods|Chinese gods|Chinese folk religion|Hinduism in Thailand |
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