| 词条 | Phyllis Nicolson |
| 释义 |
| name = Phyllis Nicolson | image = PhyllisNicolson.jpg | birth_date = 21 September 1917 | birth_name = Phyllis Lockett | birth_place = Macclesfield | death_date = 6 October 1968 | death_place = Sheffield | nationality = United Kingdom | fields = Mathematics, Physics | alma_mater = Manchester University | thesis_title = Three Problems in Theoretical Physics[1] | known_for = Crank–Nicolson method }} Phyllis Nicolson (21 September 1917 – 6 October 1968) was a British mathematician most known for her work on the Crank–Nicolson method together with John Crank. BiographyNicolson was born Phyllis Lockett in Macclesfield and went to Stockport High School for Girls.[2] She graduated from Manchester University with a B.Sc. in 1938, M.Sc. in 1939 and a Ph.D. in Physics in 1946.[2] She was a research student in Cambridge from 1945 and a Tucker-Price Research Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge from 1946 to 1949.[2] She married Malcolm Nicolson, also a physicist, in 1942 and had two sons. The family moved to Leeds where Malcolm Nicolson was appointed to a lectureship in Physics at Leeds University.[5] Malcolm Nicolson died accidentally in 1951, and Phyllis was appointed to take over his lectureship.[5] In 1955, she married physicist Malcolm McCaig by whom she had another son.[3] She died from breast cancer in 1968 in Sheffield. WorkDuring her time in Manchester, Nicolson worked with Douglas Hartree and became a proficient numerical analyst and an expert user of Hartree's differential analyser.[4] Nicolson initially worked on cosmic ray problems, but after the outbreak of war Hartree's differential analyser group pursued defence-related problems. Two of the problems in her thesis are derived from work done for the Ministry of Supply.[5] One of these problems was on solutions of the heat equation, and with her colleague John Crank she investigated the numerical stability of several solution techniques. The algorithm now known as the Crank–Nicolson method emerged from this work and was published in 1947.[6] Publications
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=38822|title=The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Phyllis Nicolson|publisher=}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicolson, Phyllis}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite book|title=Girton College Register|last=|first=|publisher=Girton College|year=|isbn=|location=Cambridge|pages=}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Nicolson.html|title=Nicolson biography|publisher=}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/666958945|title=Douglas Rayner Hartree : his life in science and computing|last=1929-|first=Froese Fischer, Charlotte,|date=2003|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9789812795014|location=Singapore|oclc=666958945}} 5. ^1 {{Cite book|title=PhD Thesis: Three Problems in Mathematical Physics. ,|last=|first=|publisher=University of Manchester.|year=1946|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 6. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Crank|first=J|last2=Nicolson|first2=Phyllis|date=1947|title=A practical method for numerical evaluation of solutions of partial differential equations of the heat-conduction type,|url=|journal=Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Phil. Society|volume=.43(1)|pages=50–67.|via=}} 8 : 1917 births|1968 deaths|20th-century British mathematicians|British women mathematicians|People educated at Stockport High School for Girls|Alumni of the University of Manchester|Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge|20th-century women mathematicians |
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