| 词条 | Pierre Macquer |
| 释义 |
|name = Pierre-Joseph Macquer |image =Pierre Joseph Macquer.jpg |image_size =150px |caption = Pierre-Joseph Macquer |birth_date = 9 October 1718 |birth_place = Paris |death_date = {{death-date and age|15 February 1784|9 October 1718}} |death_place = Paris |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = French |ethnicity = |field = Chemistry |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Dictionary of Chemistry |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Guillaume-François Rouelle |influenced = Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier Geneviève Thiroux d'Arconville |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} Pierre-Joseph Macquer (9 October 1718, Paris – 15 February 1784, Paris) was an influential French chemist. He is known for his Dictionnaire de chymie (1766). He was also involved in practical applications, to medicine and industry, such as the French development of porcelain. He worked as a chemist in industries, such as the Manufacture de Sèvres or the Gobelins Manufactory.[1] He was an opponent of Lavoisier's theories. The scholar Phillipe Macquer was his brother. In 1752 Macquer showed that the dye Prussian blue could be decomposed into an iron salt and a new acid (which eventually was named by others, after the dye, as Prussic acid, and eventually shown to be hydrogen cyanide). In his 1749 Elemens de Chymie Theorique, Macquer builds on Geoffroy’s 1718 affinity table, by devoting a whole chapter to the topic of chemical affinity:[2] {{cquote|All the experiments that have been hitherto carried out, and those that are still being daily performed, concur in proving that between different bodies, whether principles or compounds, there is an agreement, relation, affinity or attraction (if you will have it so), which disposes certain bodies to unite with one another, while with others they are unable to contract any union: it is this effect, whatever be its cause, which will help us to give a reason for all the phenomena furnished by chemistry, and to tie them together.}}He became adjunct Chemist at the French Academy of Sciences the 5th of April 1745. He later became Associate Chemist in 1766 before being granted the permanent Chair of Chemistry in 1772.[3] In 1768, Macquer was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. References1. ^Lehman, C. (2012), 'Pierre-Joseph Macquer an Eighteenth-Century Artisanal-Scientific Expert' Annals of Science 2. ^Macquer, P. J. (1775). Elements of the Theory and Practice of chymistry, trans. A. Reid, vol. 1. p. 12. 2 vols., London. 3. ^Liste des membres du passé de l'Académie External links
5 : 1718 births|1784 deaths|French chemists|Members of the French Academy of Sciences|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。