词条 | Pikes Peak International Hill Climb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| Race title = Pikes Peak International Hill Climb | Logo = PPIHC Non-Dated Logo.png | Track map = Pikes Peak Course.svg | Series short = PPIHC | Location = Colorado Springs, Colorado USA | Coordinates = {{Coord|38.84|N|105.04|W}} | First race = {{Start date|1916}} | Last race = 2018 | Surface = Tarmac (historically, dirt) | Distance = {{convert|12.42|mi|km|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} | Turns = 156 | Record time = 7:57.148 | Record driver = Romain Dumas | Record car = Volkswagen I.D. R Pikes Peak | Record year = 2018 | Record class = Unlimited }} The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (PPIHC), also known as The Race to the Clouds, is an annual automobile and motorcycle hillclimb to the summit of Pikes Peak in Colorado, USA. The track measures {{convert|12.42|mi|km}} and has over 156 turns, climbing {{convert|4720|ft|m|abbr=on}} from the start at Mile 7 on Pikes Peak Highway, to the finish at {{convert|14110|ft|m|abbr=on}}, on grades averaging 7.2%.[1][2] It used to consist of both gravel and paved sections, however as of August 2011, the highway is fully paved and as a result all subsequent events will be run on asphalt from start to finish.[3] The race is self-sanctioned and has taken place since 1916.[1][2] It is currently contested by a variety of classes of cars, trucks, motorcycles and quads. There are often numerous new classes tried and discarded year-to-year. On average there are 130 competitors. The PPIHC operates as the Pikes Peak Auto Hill Climb Educational Museum to organize the annual motorsports event.[1] HistoryEarly historyThe first Pikes Peak Hill Climb was promoted by Spencer Penrose, who had converted the narrow carriage road into the much wider Pikes Peak Highway.[4] The first Penrose Trophy was awarded in 1916 to Rea Lentz with a time of 20:55.60.[4][5][6] In the same year Floyd Clymer won the motorcycle class with a time of 21:58.41.[7] In 1924 the final Penrose Trophy was awarded to Otto Loesche in his Lexington Special.[8] In the years following, Glen Scultz and Louis Unser shared a rivalry and won the event 12 times between them.[5] In 1929 the popular stock car class was added to the event.[4][6] Following world war two, Louis Unser returned to his winning ways at Pikes Peak, winning a further three more times between 1946 and 1970, these wins were tightly contended with rival Al Rogers.[4][5] During this time the event was part of the AAA and USAC IndyCar championship.[9] In 1953, the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) sponsors the event, bringing with it an influx of sports cars. In this period the course record was broken every year from 1953 until 1962, this is the largest string of record breaking runs in the event's history. The majority of these records were set by Bobby Unser, the younger brother of Louis.[5] In 1954 motorcycles return to the event, the first time since its inception 1916.[6] The motorcycle overall victory that year went to Bill Meier riding a Harley-Davidson motorcycle.[7] In 1971 the event was won by the first non-gasoline vehicle (propane), this was also the first overall victory from the stock car class (1970 Ford Mustang), the car was driven by the Danish-American Ak Miller.[6] European involvementIn 1984 the first European racers took part in the PPIHC with Norwegian Rallycrosser Martin Schanche (Ford Escort Mk3 4x4) and French Rally driver Michèle Mouton (Audi Sport quattro), thereby starting a new era for European teams in the almost unknown American hillclimb.[10] While Schanche failed to set a new track record, due to a flat right front tire, Mouton (together with her World Rally Championship co-driver Fabrizia Pons from Italy) won the Open Rally category, but failed to win the event overall. Mouton achieved the overall victory and course record in the following year.[10][7] In 1989, an award-winning short film about the 1988 event was released by French director Jean-Louis Mourey. The film, titled Climb Dance, captured the efforts of Finnish former World Rally Champion Ari Vatanen, as he won the event in a record-breaking time with his turbocharged Peugeot 405 Turbo 16.[5][7][11] Paving of the highwayThe City of Colorado Springs began to pave the highway in 2002 after losing a lawsuit against the Sierra Club, which sued on account of erosion damage to streams, reservoirs, vegetation and wetlands downstream from the 1.5 million tons of road gravel deposited over several decades.[12][13] The local authority paved approximately 10% of the route each year after the order. The 2011 event was the last race with dirt sections, comprising approximately 25% of the course.[3] During this evolutionary period of the event, the Japanese driver Nobuhiro Tajima with Suzuki cars scored 6 overall victories (2006 - 2011) and two course records.[4][10] His 2011 record was the first to break the 10 minute barrier.[5] Hill Climb champion Rod Millen warned at the time that paving the road would put an end to the race.[14] However, the 2012 race saw over 170 racer registrations by December 2011, compared with 46 at the same time the previous year.[15] The 90th running of the event happened in 2012 and saw a larger field and a longer race day than ever before. This was the first time the race has been run on all asphalt leading to the breaking of several records, notably the overall record, which fell numerous times during the event finally falling to Rhys Millen the son of previous event winner Rod Millen, in the Time Attack Division. During the event Mike Ryan spun his big rig in a hairpin in a section called the "W"s, hitting the guard rail, he then managed to execute a three-point turn and continued on course, at which point he broke his old record by 5 seconds. This highlighted the change that a fully paved course made to the speed of the event.[16] The 2012 event also saw the first motorcycle to achieve a sub 10 minute time with Carlin Dunne in the 1205 Division riding a Ducati with a time of 9:52.819 which was only 1.5 seconds slower than the previous year's overall record. 2013 saw the nine-minute barrier shattered by WRC legend Sébastien Loeb, with a time of 8:13.878, while Rhys Millen ended up second with 9:02.192, beating his own record by more than 44 seconds.[17] Jean-Philippe Dayrault finished third with a time of 9:42.740, and Paul Dallenbach fourth with a time of 9:46.001, making it four drivers to beat the overall record set only the previous year. Emergence of electric vehiclesElectric cars have featured on and off in the PPIHC since the early 1980s. In 1981 Joe Ball took a Sears Electric Car to the top in 32:07:410, in 1994 Katy Endicott brought her Honda to the top in 15:44.710 and in 2013 Nobuhiro Tajima broke the 10 minute barrier with a time of 9:46.530 in his E-RUNNER Pikes Peak Special. In the following years electric entries would become more common, steadily breaking their powertrain records and eventually the overall record in 2018.[5][7][18] For hill-climb events and this event in particular it is reasonable to suggest that a modern, well designed electric car will be at an advantage over internal combustion engined cars. The issue of limited range does not apply to short sprints and the twisty nature of the Pikes Peak course lends itself well to the almost instant torque delivery of electric motors. In addition to this, the lowering air density of high altitudes does not reduce the power available to the driver as it does with air breathing engines.[19][20] Although the 2014 event was won by a gasoline powered car; second (Greg Tracy), third (Hiroshi Masuoka) and fourth (Nobuhiro Tajima) places overall were taken by electric cars.[21] In 2015, electric cars placed first (Rhys Millen) and second (Nobuhiro Tajima) overall.[22][23] In an interview with Rhys Millen, he said that he had lost power to the car's rear motor pack before the halfway point. Had this not happened he had expected his run to be 30 seconds faster.[24] In 2016 gasoline again took top honours but electric completed the podium taking second (Rhys Millen) and third (Tetsuya Yamano) as well as fifth (Nobuhiro Tajima) places overall.[25] At the 2018 event, an electric car set a new overall record for the first time in the event's history. Frenchman Romain Dumas completed the course in the all-electric Volkswagen I.D. R with a time of 7:57.148, breaking the 8 minute barrier for the first time.[19][26] Racing divisions and classesThe Pikes Peak International Hill climb consists of seven divisions incorporating twelve classes for both cars and motorcycles. [27] Four additional special record classes consisting of former classes are defined in the appendix.[1]Car divisions and classes
A division for production based two- and four-wheel drive vehicles. Only closed cockpit four-wheeled vehicles are allowed to participate. Time Attack 1 Class
Porsche Cayman GT4 Clubsport Pikes Peak Hill Climb Trophy by Yokohama
Established in 2014, the Pikes Peak Challenge Division encompasses a wide variety of class options. Open Wheel Class
Pikes Peak Open Class
Exhibition Class
Motorcycle divisions and classes
Established is 2014, the Pikes Peak Challenge Motorcycle Division encompasses a wide variety of class options. Electric Motorcycle Class
Pikes Peak Quad Class
Exhibition Powersport Class
Records from the Appendix of the Regulations
Race recordsBelow follows all currently recognized records. Records set during the most recent running of the event are in bold type. Division and class records
Non-division and class records
WinnersThe Pikes Peak International Hill Climb is an event run by both cars and motorcycles. The overall honours have always fallen to vehicles in car divisions, however motorcycles have their own divisions, records and winners. Cars have entered the event every year since its inception in 1916 (with the exception of years during the world wars) whereas motorcycles have only entered in a limited number of years. Overall winnersOverall winners can compete under any class of cars or motorcycles, although the majority come from the open wheel and more recently the unlimited classes. A time in italics indicates this was a previous course record, a time in bold indicates the current course record.
Motorcycle winnersMotorcycle winners can compete under any class, although the majority come from open or large displacement classes. A time in italics indicates this was a previous motorcycle record, a time in bold indicates the current motorcycle record.
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=PPIHC Rulebook|url=http://ppihc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018-PPIHC-Rulebook.pdf|website=www.PPIHC.com|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=30 June 2018|ref=http://ppihc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018-PPIHC-Rulebook.pdf|deadurl=no|}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://ppihc.org/about-fans/|title=What is the PPIHC?|website=www.PPIHC.org|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=2018-07-03|deadurl=no}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Paving Pikes Peak|url=http://ppihc.org/paving-pikes-peak-competitors/|website=www.PPIHC.org|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=27 June 2018|deadurl=no}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, still growing after 96 years|url=https://www.motorsport.com/hillclimb/news/the-pikes-peak-international-hill-climb-still-growing-after-96-years/|website=www.motorsport.com|publisher=motorsport.com|access-date=30 June 2018|deadurl=no}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=All-time kings of the mountain|url=http://ppihc.org/wp-content/uploads/All-Time-Kings-of-the-Mountain-2018.pdf|website=www.PPIHC.org|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=4 August 2018|format=PDF|deadurl=no}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=PPIHC Timeline|url=http://ppihc.org/time-line-fans/|website=www.PPIHC.org|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=30 June 2018|deadurl=no}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.ppihc.com/wp-content/uploads/Race-Winners-By-Year.pdf|title=2017 Race winners by year (archived copy)|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921085800/http://www.ppihc.com/wp-content/uploads/Race-Winners-By-Year.pdf|archivedate=2017-09-21}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Fayette County Historical Museum in Connersville|url=http://cruise-in.com/tag/fayette-county-historical-museum-in-connersville/|website=cruise-in.com|publisher=Cruise IN|access-date=30 June 2018|deadurl=no}} 9. ^Competition Press & Autoweek, July 23, 1966, Vol.16, No.29, Pages 1, 3. 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.snaplap.net/pikes-peak-international-hill-climb/|title=Pikes Peak International Hill Climb – hundred years of racing to the clouds|deadurl=no|publisher=SnapLap|access-date=30 June 2018}} 11. ^{{Cite web|title=Peugeot's legendary Climb Dance remastered in high-definition glory|work=Autoblog.com|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/05/16/peugeots-legendary-climb-dance-remastered-in-high-definition-gl/|access-date=2018-06-30}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2011/09/30/paving-completed-on-pikes-peak-road-13-years-after-sierra-club-suit/|title=Paving completed on Pike’s Peak road, 13 years after Sierra Club suit|first=The|last=Gazette|date=30 September 2011|website=denverpost.com}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9904/15/pikes.peak.enn/|title=CNN – Settlement reached in Pikes Peak suit – April 15, 1999|website=www.cnn.com}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westword.com/content/printVersion/210371/ |title=Denver Uphill Battle |publisher=Westword |date=1997-06-12 |access-date=2012-06-09}} 15. ^{{cite web|author=Daniel Chacón|url=http://gazette.com/article/130491|title=Pikes Peak hill climb could expand to 2-day race|publisher=Colorado Springs Gazette|date=2011-12-20 |access-date=2013-06-01}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.designengineering.com/speed/mike-ryan-sets-new-pikes-peak-record|title=Mike Ryan Sets New Pikes Peak Record!|publisher=DesignEngineering.com|access-date=2013-06-01|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408011338/http://www.designengineering.com/speed/mike-ryan-sets-new-pikes-peak-record|archivedate=2013-04-08}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/game_changers/racing-2013-pikes-peak-sebastian-loeb-obliterates-all-time-record|title=8:13.878—Sebastien Loeb vaporizes the Pikes Peak record|access-date=2013-07-01}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.electricautosport.com/2015/05/why-the-future-of-pikes-peak-international-hill-climb-is-electric/|title=Why the future of Pikes Peak International Hill Climb is electric|deadurl=no|access-date=2018-06-30|author=Tim Biesbrouck|date=2015-05-19}} 19. ^1 [https://www.motorsport-total.com/pikes-peak/news/rekordjagd-am-pikes-peak-elektro-schlaegt-verbrenner-18062501 Rekordjagd am Pikes Peak: Elektro schlägt Verbrenner] bei motorsport-total.com 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.teslarati.com/vw-id-r-electric-vehicle-pikes-peak-record/|title=Why electric vehicles will continue to dominate Pikes Peak after record-shattering run|publisher=Teslarati|author=Aaron Turpen|date=2018-06-27|access-date=2018-06-30}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://livetiming.net/ppihc/|title=2014 Live Timing (archived copy)|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008055604/http://livetiming.net/ppihc/|archivedate=2014-10-08}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ppihc.com:80/wp-content/uploads/2015-Car-Overall-Results.pdf|title=2015 Car Overall Results (archived copy)|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724090711/http://www.ppihc.com:80/wp-content/uploads/2015-Car-Overall-Results.pdf|archivedate=2015-07-24}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2015/06/28/2015-pikes-peak-hill-climb-results/|title=Rhys Millen wins Pikes Peak under all-electric power|last=Yoney|first=Domenick|website=Autoblog|access-date=2017-02-10}} 24. ^{{Citation|last=The Broadmoor Pikes Peak International Hill Climb|title=Rhys Millen Wins Pikes Peak First Electric Car Victory|date=2015-06-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMjsAMlXGBI|access-date=2017-02-10}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ppihc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016-Overall-Results.pdf|title=2016 Overall Results (archived copy)|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821053526/http://www.ppihc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016-Overall-Results.pdf|archivedate=2016-08-21}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.media.vw.com/releases/1047|title=All-time record: Volkswagen makes history with the I.D. R Pikes Peak|publisher=VW Media US|date=2018-06-24 |access-date=2018-06-30}} 27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ppihc.org/divisions-classes-competitors/|title=2018 Race Divisions and Classes|website=www.PPIHC.org|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=30 June 2018|deadurl=no}} 28. ^{{Citation|last=The Verge|title=Volkswagen’s EV racecar just broke records during this year’s Pikes Peak Hill Climb|date=2018-06-24|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/24/17078544/volkswagen-ev-race-car-pikes-peak-hill-climb-record|access-date=2018-06-25}} 29. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=PPIHC Race Records|url=http://ppihc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018-Race-Records.pdf|website=www.PPIHC.com|publisher=PPIHC|access-date=30 June 2018|ref=http://ppihc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018-Race-Records.pdf|deadurl=no|}} 30. ^1 2 3 Electric 31. ^1 2 Rookie 32. ^Electric 33. ^In 1935 there was no official competition, however there was a recognised truck test. 34. ^In this year the event was run as a non-championship event of the American Automobile Association National Championship 35. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 In this year the event was run as part of the American Automobile Association National Championship 36. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In this year the event was run as a non-championship event of the United States Auto Club National Championship 37. ^1 2 3 4 In this year the event was run as part of the United States Auto Club National Championship 38. ^1 2 The event was run on a shortened course. 39. ^1 In 2002 it was decided that the road should be paved, completion was due before 2012. By the time of the 2002 event the first mile of the course was paved, a total of 6%.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 40. ^1 In 2003 the first mile of the course was paved, a total of 6%.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 41. ^1 In 2004 the course was 21% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 42. ^1 In 2005 the course was 21% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 43. ^1 In 2006 the course was 35% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Double Cut.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 44. ^1 In 2007 the course was 46% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 45. ^1 In 2008 the course was 46% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 46. ^1 In 2009 the course was 46% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 47. ^1 In 2010 the course was 57% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds, the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground, and the last mile.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 48. ^1 In 2011 the course was 76% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and the summit.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} 49. ^1 From 2012 onwards the course was fully paved.{{ref|PPIHCpaving}} References{{Reflist|30em}}External links{{Commons category|Pikes Peak International Hill Climb}}
6 : Hillclimbs|Sports competitions in Colorado Springs, Colorado|Pikes Peak|Rally America|Motorsport in Colorado|Green racing |
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