| 词条 | Pine-Sol |
| 释义 |
| logo = | name = Pine-Sol | image = | caption = A bottle of original Pine-Sol | type = Cleanser | currentowner = The Clorox Company | origin = United States | introduced = 1929 | discontinued = | related = | markets = Worldwide | previousowners = Harry A. Cole | trademarkregistrations = | ambassadors = Katie the Cleaning Lady,[1][2] Diane Amos, Yvette Nicole Brown | tagline = | website = pinesol.com }}Pine-Sol is a registered trade name of Clorox for a line of household cleaning products, used to clean grease and heavy soil stains. Pine-Sol was based on pine oil when it was created in 1929 and during its rise to national popularity in the 1950s.[3] However, as of 2016, Pine-Sol products sold in stores no longer contain pine oil as a result of profit maximization.[4] HistoryPine-Sol detergent was invented by Harry A. Cole of Jackson, Mississippi, in 1929.[3] In 1948, entrepreneur Robert Earnest "Dumas" Milner acquired Magnolia Chemical, the Jackson, Mississippi, supplier of Pine-Sol.[4][5] Milner put Howard S. Cohoon in charge of the firm which had six employees: three salesmen and three who produced the product. In the following five years Cohoon turned the company into a multi-million dollar operation selling 20 million bottles throughout the US and 11 other nations. Cohoon modernized the operation from manual bottling and labeling to full automation. According to Cohoon, at that time pine oil was produced from old yellow pine tree stumps which were previously regarded as worthless.[6] After Pine-Sol went national, Milner Company began a national radio advertising campaign starting with the Robert Q. Lewis show in 1952. By 1955 the Milner company had purchased Perma-Starch, of Illiopolis, Illinois and by 1959 Milner had grown to a $1.5 million daytime TV advertising package and a $100,000 radio buy shared between Pine-Sol and Perma-Starch.[5] In January 1956, the Federal Trade Commission ordered Milner Company to cease and desist an advertising campaign that related to the false claims regarding the effectiveness of Pine-Sol compared to other pine oil containing products.[7] Milner Company had previously agreed to cease and desist several other false claims about germicidal and bactericidal properties of Pine-Sol in March 1951.[8] In February 1963, the Dumas Milner Company, including Pine-Sol facilities in Jackson, MS and Perma-Starch plant in Illiopolis, IL, was taken over by Wayne, New Jersey based American Cyanamid for stock valued at $17 million. Howard S. Cohoon was to remain in charge of the division.[9] The Pine-Sol brand was acquired by Clorox from American Cyanamid's Shulton Group in 1990.[10][3] The 2005 version of the original 8% to 10% pine oil based cleaner was acidic (pH 3–4)[15] and could be used to remove bacteria from household surfaces. However, some of the products now contain bases (pH 10–11).[16] There was also a dispute between the owners of the trademark Pine-Sol and the trademark holders of Lysol over potential consumer confusion regarding the fact they both end in "sol" and are used for cleaning. The issues spawned negotiations, agreements and lawsuits among several involved companies over the years from the 1960s to late 1990s.[11][12][13] FormulationAlthough the original Pine-Sol formulation was pine oil-based, today the cleaners sold under the Pine-Sol brand contain no pine oil.[14] In 2006, The Clorox Company's product line included "Clorox Commercial Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner", with the same ingredients and concentrations as "Original Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner 1."[15] In 2008, the material safety data sheet for the "Original Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner 1" formulation listed 8–12% pine oil, 3-7% alkyl alcohol ethoxylates, 1-5% sodium petroleum sulfonate and 1-5% isopropyl alcohol.[16] Since January 2013, Clorox made a product called Original Pine-Sol Multi-Surface Cleaner which included glycolic acid while lacking any pine oil.[17] In January 2014, Clorox announced that Pine-Sol products would no longer contain pine oil, due its limited supply and increased cost.[18] In response to consumer requests for the original formula, Clorox made available a product containing 8.75% Pine oil to online purchasers, but said it would not be sold in stores.[19] In 2018, Pine-Sol can be found on store shelves with an ingredient label stating "Contains Pine Oil" but this is not listed as an active ingredient. Pine oil in modern Pine-Sol seems to be added for fragrance only, as the product still uses glycolic acid as the sole active ingredient. According to 1950s Milner executive Howard S. Cohoon, producer of Pine-sol, pine oil is only formed in large stumps from cut-over timber that remained in the ground for "at least 20 years." It is not found in live pine trees. When asked about the risk of running out, Cohoon estimated in 1954 that there was "enough to last for another 35 years." He was not worried about a shortage as he claimed pine oil could be produced synthetically.[6] References1. ^{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19790714&id=3GgdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H1wEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5189,5773166&hl=en |title= 1979 advertisement |newspaper= The Pittsburgh Press |date= July 14, 1979}} 2. ^{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19800605&id=RHRQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e1oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2847,4070008&hl=en |title= 1980 advertisement |newspaper= St. Petersburg Times |date= June 5, 1980}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web |url= https://www.pinesol.com/heritage/history-of-pine-sol/ |title= History of Pine-Sol |website= pinesol.com |accessdate= August 26, 2016 }} 4. ^{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=t_gaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&lpg=PT37#v=onepage&q&f=false |title= Mississippi Entrepreneurs |first= Polly |last= Dement |publisher= Univ. Press of Mississippi |year= 2014 |ISBN= 978-1-62674-123-2 }} 5. ^1 {{cite journal |url= https://archive.org/stream/sponsormagazine-1959-12/Sponsor-1959-12-3#page/n35/mode/2up |title= How an old-line firm battles the big boys |journal= Sponsor Magazine |volume= 12-3 |date= December 1959 |page= 34 }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19540913&id=bwQdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=t4oEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6598,929929&hl=en |title= There's Gold in those Pine Stumps |newspaper= Sarasota Journal |first= Hal |last= Boyle |authorlink= Hal Boyle |page= 11 |date= September 12, 1954 }} 7. ^{{cite journal |url= https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/commission_decision_volumes/volume-52/ftcd-vol52july-june1956pages635-730.pdf |title= In the Matter of Milner Products Company, et al. |journal= FTC Decisions |publisher= Federal Trade Commission |year= 1956 |volume= 52 |page= 666}} 8. ^{{cite journal |url= https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/commission_decision_volumes/volume-47/vol47pg1692-1796.pdf |title= Disinfectant-Effectiveness and Safety: Milner Products Co |journal= FTC Decisions |publisher= Federal Trade Commission |year= 1951 |volume= 47 |page= 1732}} 9. ^{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19630220&id=3e0hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4739,1769934&hl=en |title= Dumas Milner Sells Company |newspaper= Gadsden Times |page= 8 |date= February 20, 1963}} 10. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/21/business/company-news-clorox-buying-brands-of-cyanamid-division.html |title= Clorox Buying Brands Of Cyanamid Division |newspaper= The New York Times |first= Anthony |last= Ramirez |date= June 21, 1990 |accessdate= August 26, 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.leagle.com/decision/19931819836FSupp983_11685/CLOROX%20CO.%20v.%20WINTHROP# |title= Clorox Co. v. Winthorp |website= leagle.com |date= November 3, 1993 }} 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.leagle.com/decision/19961401932FSupp469_11305/CLOROX%20CO.%20v.%20STERLING%20WINTHROP,%20INC. |title= Clorox Co. v. Sterling Winthorp, Inc. |website= leagle.com |date= July 31, 1996 }} 13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.leagle.com/decision/1997167117F3d50_1161/CLOROX%20CO.%20v.%20STERLING%20WINTHROP,%20INC. |title= Clorox Co. v. Sterling Winthorp, Inc. / Reckitt & Colman, Inc. |website= leagle.com |date= June 26, 1997 }} 14. ^1 {{cite web |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120210140655/http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/downloads/msds/pinesol/lemonfreshpine-solallpurposecleanermsds8-30-04.pdf |archivedate= 2012-02-10 |url= http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/products/msds/pinesol/lemonfreshpine-solallpurposecleanermsds8-30-04.pdf |title= Pine-sol lemon scent MSDS |publisher= The Clorox Company |date= July 2006}} 15. ^{{cite web |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032801/https://www.thecloroxcompany.com/downloads/msds/cloroxprofessionalproducts/cloroxcomm.solns.pine-solbrandcleaner1.pdf |archivedate= 2016-03-04 |url=http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/downloads/msds/cloroxprofessionalproducts/cloroxcomm.solns.pine-solbrandcleaner1.pdf | format= PDF| title= Clorox Commercial Solutions Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner 1| publisher= The Clorox Company |date= April 2006 |series= Material Safety Data Sheet | accessdate= 2014-05-16 }} 16. ^1 {{cite web| url= http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/products/msds/pinesol/originalpine-solbrandcleaner1.pdf | format= PDF| title= Original Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner 1 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101203045757/http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/products/msds/pinesol/originalpine-solbrandcleaner1.pdf | archivedate= 2010-12-03| publisher= The Clorox Company |date=June 2005 |series= Material Safety Data Sheet | accessdate= 2014-05-16 }} 17. ^{{cite web |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120505/http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/downloads/msds/pinesol/originalpine-solmulti-surfacecleaner.pdf |archivedate= 2014-05-17 |url=http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/downloads/msds/pinesol/originalpine-solmulti-surfacecleaner.pdf | format= PDF| title= Original Pine-Sol Multi-Surface Cleaner| publisher= The Clorox Company |date= January 2013 |series= Material Safety Data Sheet | accessdate= 2014-05-16 }} 18. ^{{cite web |url= https://consumerist.com/2014/01/02/why-does-pine-sol-no-longer-smell-like-pine/ |title= Why Does Pine-Sol No Longer Smell Like Pine? |first= Laura |last= Northrup |date= January 2, 2014 |accessdate= August 26, 2016 }} 19. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://www.facebook.com/pinesol/app/557385811020016/ |title= FAQ – Why did Pine-Sol change the original formula?|publisher= Pine-Sol (Confirmed Official page via Facebook) |quote= Pine oil supplies are limited and had become more expensive, which was a major factor in the change and will continue to be an issue around producing original pine scent Pine-Sol. In order to not pass those costs on to you, and keep the product affordable, we are not able to manufacture the original scent in the quantities required to be available in stores nationwide. |accessdate= August 26, 2016}} External links
2 : Clorox brands|Products introduced in 1929 |
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