| 词条 | Pinkillu |
| 释义 |
| name = Pinkillu | names = pinkuyllu, pinqullu | image = Huari Danza.jpg | image_capt = Dancers of the Wari dance and two musicians with their instruments: tinya and pinkillu | background =woodwind | classification = aerophone | hornbostel_sachs = 421.211.12 | hornbostel_sachs_desc = end blown duct flute | inventors = | developed = c.1400 (pre-Columbian Incan instrument) | range = | related = qina, tarka | musicians = | builders = | articles = }} A pinkillu,[1] pinkuyllu[2] or pinqullu[3] (Quechua or Aymara, hispanicized spellings pincollo, pincuyllo, pingullo, pinquillo, also pinkillo, pinkiyo, pinkullo, pinkuyo) is a flute found throughout the Andes, used primarily in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. It is usually played with one hand, leaving the other one free to accompany oneself on a drum[4] like the tinya. It is used in a variety of public festivals and other kinds of communal ceremonies.[4] Construction and materialsThe pinkillu can measure in length up to 1 meter 20 cm, and has six finger holes.[5] It is most commonly made out of cane, but can be made out of bamboo, bone, or tree branches as well. In Peru and Bolivia, sheep and llama nerves are used to tie the instrument together. Among the different kinds there are ch'aka pinkillu (bone flute), qina qina pinkillu (cane flute) and tupa pinkillu (made out of thicker tuquru cane). Cultural uses and significanceThe pinkillu has great cultural significance. In the Andes the instrument is played during the early rainy season to celebrate cattle and farming. The pinkillu is often played in pairs or ensembles during the rainy season and at festivals. In Bolivia it is believed that the pinkillu made from cane attracts rainfall.[5] The pinkillu is moistened with alcohol or water before playing, and are associated with fertility.[4] See also
References1. ^{{Ref Laime}} 2. ^Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary) 3. ^{{Ref Bertonio}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia | last = Romero | first = Raul | editor = Koskoff, Ellen | encyclopedia = Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean | title = Peru | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb2ibVAXO9sC&pg=PA471 | accessdate = 25 Sep 2011 | year = 2001 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | volume =Vol. 3 | isbn = 978-0-8240-4947-8 | pages = 466–502}} 5. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia | last = Baumann | first = Max | editor =Kuss, Marlena| encyclopedia = Music in Latin America and the Caribbean | title = Music and Worldview of Indian Societies in the Bolivian Andes | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SYuKB29_7qUC | accessdate = 25 Sep 2011 | year = 2004 | publisher = University Of Texas Press | volume =Volume One | isbn = 978-0-292-70298-1 | pages = 300–303}} External links
5 : End-blown flutes|Bolivian musical instruments|Chilean musical instruments|Andean music|Indigenous South American musical instruments |
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