| 词条 | Pipturus albidus |
| 释义 |
|name = Māmaki |image = Starr_030405-0099_Pipturus_albidus.jpg |genus = Pipturus |species = albidus |authority = (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray ex H.Mann }}Pipturus albidus, known as māmaki (sometimes waimea, for its resemblance to olomea[1]) in Hawaiian and known as Waimea pipturus in English,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae, that is endemic to Hawai{{okina}}i. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of {{convert|60|–|1830|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Māmaki is a small tree that reaches a height of {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a trunk diameter of {{convert|0.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[3] UsesMedicinalNative Hawaiians made a treatment for illnesses known as {{okina}}ea and pā{{okina}}ao{{okina}}ao from the fruit.[4] They also combined fresh māmaki leaves with hot stones and spring water to produce herbal tea that was an effective treatment for general debility. Today, packages of dried māmaki leaves are commercially produced.[5]Non-medicinalThe bast fibres were used by Native Hawaiians to make kapa (bark cloth) and kaula (rope).[4] EcologyP. albidus is the preferred host plant for the caterpillars of the Kamehameha butterfly (Vanessa tameamea).[3] Māmaki sometimes host the caterpillars of the green Hawaiian blue (Udara blackburni).[6]References1. ^{{cite web |url = http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en |archive-url = https://archive.is/20121214175313/http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en |dead-url = yes |archive-date = 2012-12-14 |title = Hawaiian-English Dictionary |publisher = University of Hawaii Press |year = 2003 |accessdate = 2011-10-12}} 2. ^{{PLANTS|id=PIAL2|taxon=Pipturus albidus|accessdate=6 October 2015}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |format=PDF |title=Mamaki |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=United States Forest Service |year=1989 |accessdate=2009-11-29}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=mamaki |title=mamaki, mamake, waimea (P. albidus on Kauai & P. ruber) |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database |publisher=Bernice P. Bishop Museum |accessdate=2009-11-16 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9pNKSsPTkC |title=Plants in Hawaiian Medicine |first=Beatrice H. |last=Krauss |author2=Martha Noyes |publisher=Bess Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-57306-128-5 |pages=85–88}} 6. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oa5m8gZcGjMC |title=The Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide |first=James A. |last=Scott |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8047-2013-7 |page=399}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Pipturus albidus}}
5 : Pipturus|Trees of Hawaii|Endemic flora of Hawaii|Hawaiian cuisine|Herbal tea |
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