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|name = Plumelec |native name = {{lang-br|Pluveleg}} |commune status = Commune |image = StAubin StMaurice1513et1690 3887.JPG |caption = The Church of Saint-Maurice in Plumelec |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Plumelec (Morbihan).svg |coordinates = {{coord|47.8386|-2.6394|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |INSEE = 56172 |postal code = 56420 |arrondissement = Pontivy |canton = Moréac |mayor = Stéphane Hamon |term = 2014—2020 |intercommunality = Saint-Jean-Brévelay Communauté |elevation min m = 27 |elevation max m = 165 |area km2 = 58.36 |population = 2337 |population date = 1999 }} Plumelec ({{IPA-fr|plymlɛk}}, {{Lang-br|Pluveleg}}) is a commune in the Morbihan department of the Brittany region, in north-western France. GeographyPlumelec is {{convert|95|km}} west of Rennes via the RN24 road,{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} and {{convert|132|km}} north-west of Nantes via the RN165 road.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} The commune is situated on the Brittany peninsula and is approximately {{convert|10|km}} from the southern coast.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} ToponymyThe Plumelec placename is composed of plou (parish) and Melec, patron of Plumelec (possibly Mellitus or Mellit via worship imported from the British Isles).[1] The name of its people is Méléciens. HistoryDuring World War II, on the night of 5–6 June 1944, the SAS team captain Pierre Marienne (9 Free French), responsible for the preparation of Operation Dingson, was accidentally parachuted near Plumelec, {{convert|800|m}} from the la Grée Mill, where there was a German observation post. During the skirmish that ensued, corporal {{Interlanguage link multi|Émile Bouétard|fr}} was killed: He was the first death of Operation Overlord. On 12 July 1944 at dawn, 18 resistance fighters were murdered by French collaborators at Kerihuel: Seven paratroopers, eight rebels and three farmers (including Messrs. Alexandre and Rémi Gicquello, father and son, 46 and 18 years old, and Mr. Ferdinand-Mathurin Danet, 49 years). Captain Pierre Marienne, nicknamed the "lion" of Saint Marcel after the battle of 18 June, was one of the victims. Three weeks later, on Sunday 6 August, was the Liberation, American tanks travelled through in the direction of Vannes and Lorient. In all, there were 42 men from Plumelec and one woman (Ms. Armande Morizur, 35 years), engaged in the Resistance, who gave their lives for the Liberation.[2] The last survivors of the massacre of Kerihuel have since died: Angèle Guillaume (née Gicquello) died on 2 November 2011, at the age of 81; Roger Danet, son of Ferdinand-Mathurin, died in January 2013; and his brother Augustin Danet, aged 8 years old at the time of the event, died in February 2014. Politics and administrationList of mayors
Political trends and results2008 municipal election
Population and societyThe inhabitants of Plumelec are called in French Méléciens. DemographyIn 2012, the commune had 2,732 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, real censuses of communes with less 10,000 population are held every five years, unlike other communes which have a sample survey each year.[3][4] {{Historical populations|align = center |cols = 4 |footnote = From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population. |source = Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1999[5] then INSEE from 2004[6] |1793|2551 |1800|2513 |1806|2503 |1821|2507 |1831|2627 |1836|2663 |1841|2732 |1846|3092 |1851|3070 |1856|2988 |1861|3082 |1866|3184 |1872|3060 |1876|3101 |1881|2992 |1886|3068 |1891|3130 |1896|3043 |1901|3048 |1906|2998 |1911|2988 |1921|2787 |1926|2758 |1931|2732 |1936|3004 |1946|2953 |1954|2733 |1962|2529 |1968|2498 |1975|2410 |1982|2355 |1990|2337 |2005|2501 |2006|2531 |2010|2685 |2012|2732 }}{{clear left}} SportCycling{{main article|Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan}}Many cycling races pass through or arrive by the {{Interlanguage link multi|Côte de Cadoudal|fr}}, which presents a mean slope of 6.2% at Plumelec and a vertical ascent of {{convert|43-154|m}} over {{convert|1.8|km}}. This is why the most prestigious cycling races, such as the Tour de France and the French National Road Race Championships, retain Plumelec as a place of passage and arrival. The commune is also the mainstay of the Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan, a one-day race held since 1974. This is an event which counts towards the French Road Cycling Cup, it has been classified as 1.1 in the UCI Europe Tour since 2005. Tour de France
French Road Championship
French Road Cycling Cup
Football
Basketball
Local culture and heritagePlaces and monumentsThe commune contains eight monuments listed in the inventory of historical monuments and two places listed in the {{Interlanguage link multi|Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel|fr|3=Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel|lt=general inventory of the cultural heritage}}.[7] Chateaus and manorsThe town has several chateaus and manors:
ChurchesOn the territory of the commune, there are three churches:
Of the ancient Church of Saint-Martin, built in the 15th century and demolished in 1890, the municipality maintains a statue representing the Virgin with the child, wooden painted and dated from the 17th century. This statue is filed since 25 March 1924.[17] Chapels, crosses and calvariesOn the territory of the commune, the Chapel of Saint-Maudé was built in the 15th century, the Chapel of Tolcoetmeur in the 17th century, the Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette in the 17th century, the Chapels of Callac and Saint-Joseph in the 19th century; as well as several crosses and calvaries:
Other monumentsThe well of Touche-Berthelot of the 16th century, located at the way of the cross of Callac has been registered since 14 October 1963. The edge of this has the shape of an octagon with all the prominent angles cornered by pilasters. Four square tiles, placed diagonally to the coping, bear sculptures in high relief with heraldic subjects. They are topped with two crossed arches of wrought iron on which hangs the pulley.[21] The fountains of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Melec are also present, as are the monument of Kerihuel (12 July 1944 Massacre) and the Cave of Callac (1948, Saint-Joseph). LanguageThe commune was Breton-speaking until the 1850s (according to the dictionary of Ogée). Today, people mainly speak French and Gallo. In 1806, according to the survey conducted by {{Interlanguage link multi|Charles Coquebert de Montbret|fr}}, the commune was also noted as Breton-speaking. Notable people
Heraldry{{Blazon-arms| img1=Blason ville fr Plumelec (Morbihan).svg | legend1=Arms of Plumelec | text=The arms of Plumelec are blazoned: "Or to a staff of argent between two pales of azure each demi-potence chief, the first Dexter, the second Sinister, and darted on their sides spikes in courtesy, eight on each pale and two on each demi-potence, demi-potence Dexter charged of three argent rows in fess ermine tips and the sinister charged three suckers (fish) of argent laid in fess on the other." Motto: "vive valeque". }} See also
Notes1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRY8AAAAMAAJ&q=melec+mellitus&dq=melec+mellitus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WJ4AVMCGMMLkavPCgcAK&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA%29|first=Michel|last=de Galzain|title=Les chapelles de los saints|language=fr|trans-title=The chapels of our saints|year=1971|pages=77–80}} 2. ^1939-1945 : Rage, action, tourmente au pays de Lanvaux, un livre de M. Joseph Jégo, 1991 3. ^At the beginning of the 21st century, the terms of census have been amended by Act No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, called "grassroots democracy law" on the democracy of proximity and in particular Title V "of census operations", in order, after a power transition period from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is carried out annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is included at the end of the same period of five years. The first post-legal population from 1999, and fitting in the new system which came into force on 1 January 2009, is the census of 2006. 4. ^In the census table and the graph, by Wikipedia convention, the principle was retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 not to display the census populations in the table and graph corresponding to the year 2006, the first published legal population calculated according to the concepts defined in Decree No. 2003-485 of 5 June 2003, and the years corresponding to an exhaustive census survey for municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, and the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc. For municipalities with more than 10,000, the latest legal population is published by INSEE for all municipalities. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=27272|title=Plumelec|language=fr|trans-title=Plumelec|accessdate=18 April 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=27272|title=Plumelec 2005|language=fr|trans-title=Plumelec|accessdate=18 April 2015}}, {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?depcom=56172&annee=2006|title=56172-Plumelec 2006|language=fr|trans-title=56172-Plumelec 2006|accessdate=18 April 2015}}, {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?depcom=56172&annee=2010|title=56172-Plumelec 2010|language=fr|trans-title=56172-Plumelec 2010|accessdate=18 April 2015}}, and {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?depcom=56172&annee=2012|title=56172-Plumelec 2012|language=fr|trans-title=56172-Plumelec 2012|accessdate=18 April 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=INSEE&VALUE_1=56172|title=Architecture|language=fr|trans-title=Architecture|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091538|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/palissy_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PM56000830|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=IA56002074|title=Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel|language=fr|trans-title=Inventory of cultural heritage|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091539|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=IA56002075|title=Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel|language=fr|trans-title=Inventory of cultural heritage|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091543|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091542|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/palissy_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PM56000828|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/palissy_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PM56000829|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/palissy_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PM56000827|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091537|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091541|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091540|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00091544|title=Monuments historiques|language=fr|trans-title=Historic Monuments|accessdate=19 April 2015}} References
External links{{commons category}}
1 : Communes of Morbihan |
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