| 词条 | Pnar people |
| 释义 |
|group = Pnar (Jaintia or Synteng) |population = 3 lakhs (2011) |region1 = Meghalaya, India |pop1 = 271,650 (2011) |ref1 = | region2 = Jaintapur Upazila, Sylhet division, Bangladesh |languages = Pnar |religions = Presbyterian|Roman Catholic|Niamtre. |related = Khasi people . |footnotes = }} The Pnar, also known as Jaintia, are a sub-tribal group in Meghalaya, India.[1] The Jaintias are matrilineal. EtymologyThe name "Pnar" are a group of tribals living in Jaintia Hills, while "Jaintia" are the group of brahmin hindus in Nartiang and Jowai as they claimed living in urban Jowai and other bangladeshi border villages.[1] The word "Jaintia" is derived from the name of a former kingdom, the Jaintia Kingdom, whose rulers were Bangladeshi Hindu non-tribals. One theory says that the word "Jaintia" is ultimately derived from the name of the shrine of Jayanti Devi or Jainteswari, an incarnation of the Hindu goddess Durga. Another theory says that in the kingdom Sutnga, there was a fight for finding the ruler among the pnar locals so they decided to choose the king who is a Hind bengalee who is living in Jaintiapur; the myth of Jayanti Devi was probably changed the Sutnga kingdom to Jaintia kingdom.[1] HistoryLike always in the Hynniewtrep tribe the Pnar sub-tribals too have no recorded history of their own. However, they are mentioned in the Buranji chronicles of Assam and the British records.[2] Likeall the other sub-tribes of the Khasiac tribe, the Pnar people claim descent from Ki Hynniew Trep (seven mothers or seven families) while Jaintias try not to claim so as they are the direct descendents of Bengalee Hindu Brahmin like Dhar and other clans who claimed to have a close link with the local clans in the War-Amwi region.[1] The rulers of the medieval Jaintia Kingdom belonged to the Synteng community.[1] The Kingdom was annexed by the British East India Company in 1835, and merged into the Assam province. The Jaintia Hills district was established in the region after the establishment of the Meghalaya state in independent India, in 1972. There are Pnar people in the Jaintapur upazila, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Hinduism and Christianity was not widespread among the Jaintias, although the royals and the nobles had adopted Hinduism.[3] The original tribal religion of the Jaintias is known as Niamtre.[4] The Jaintia tribals believe that their religion is God-given (not founded by man) and comes to this world by God's decree. The three cardinal principles dictated by God are kamai yei hok, tipbru tipblai and tipkur tipkha. They signify right living and practice based on right livelihood; fulfillment of duties toward fellow men to reach God; and showing respect to the members of one's father's and mother's clans. Therefore, Niamtre stresses equal weight to be given to fellow humans to attain God realisation. |
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