| 词条 | Point Betsie Light |
| 释义 |
| name = Point Betsie Light | image_name = Point Betsie Lighthouse 2.jpg | caption = Point Betsie Lighthouse | location = North of Frankfort, Michigan | coordinates = {{coord|44.6913|N|86.2552|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Michigan | pushpin = lighthouse | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1858 | yearlit = 1859[1] | automated = April 1983 | yeardeactivated = | foundation = Concrete | construction = Cream City brick | marking = White tower/Red roof | shape = Cylindrical | height = {{convert|37|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|52|ft}} | lens = 4th order Fresnel Lens | currentlens =VRB-25 | intensity = | range = {{convert|27.5|mi|nmi km|disp=flip}}{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} | characteristic = | admiralty = | NGA = | ARLHS = USA-616 | USCG = 7-18370[1] | module = {{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name = Point Betsie Light Station | nrhp_type = | image = | caption = | location= Point Betsie, Frankfort, Michigan | built = 1858 | architect = | architecture = | added = July 19, 1984 | area = {{convert|2|acre}} | governing_body = COAST GUARD | mpsub = {{NRHP url|id=64000182|title=U.S. Coast Guard Lighthouses and Light Stations on the Great Lakes TR}} | refnum = 84001375[2] | designated_other1 = Michigan State Historic Site | designated_other1_date = | designated_other1_number = | designated_other1_num_position = bottom }}}} Point Betsie Light is located on the northeast shore of Lake Michigan — at the southern entrance to the Manitou Passage — north of Frankfort in Benzie County in Northern Michigan. Construction began in 1854, but it was not completed until 1858, and began service in the shipping season of 1859. The lighthouse cost $5,000 to build. In 1875, a life saving station was built for $3,000.[3]HistoryThe light was originally equipped with a Fourth Order Fresnel lens {{IPAc-en|f|r|eɪ|ˈ|n|ɛ|l}} with bullseye, which was upgraded to a Third order (with bullseye) in 1880. The latter was visible for {{convert|27.5|mi|nmi km|disp=flip}}, because of the high placement of the tower (focal plane of {{convert|52.5|ft}}) and the efficacy of the lens design.[4] The Fresnel Lens was removed in 1996, and was stored for years [5] at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.[6] It has since been returned to the original site and sits, non-operational, inside the lighthouse where visitors can see its glass combination of engineering and artistry at close proximity. The cylindrical tower is {{convert|39|ft}} tall, but sits on a dune. It is attached to the Lighthouse keepers house, which was upgraded to an attractive gambrel roof design.[7] This was one of the earliest Life Saving Stations, and was run under the auspices of the U.S. Life-Saving Service. In 1910 the United States Lighthouse Board was reconstituted as the U.S. Lighthouse Service. In 1939 these agencies were merged under the control of the U.S. Coast Guard. Prior to being automated in 1983, the 'wickies' operated the light for 106 years.[3] This was the last manned lighthouse on Lake Michigan[8] and the last Michigan lighthouse to lose its keeper.[9] The light is now a Vega VRB-25 system.[7] The new optic would be visible for a range of {{convert|15|to|22|mi|nmi km|disp=flip}}, depending on the bulb used.[10] In addition to the lighthouse, the site presently includes a fog signal building and an oil house.[8] Most remnants of the former lifesaving station site have disappeared, including the original boathouse. Some of the former housing units were converted through the years into private cottages and still sit amongst the dunes nearby. Most notable amongst these are the former horse barn which is incorporated into a seasonal cottage to the north of the site, and the sizable 1920's lifesaving personnel dormitory house to the south. A newly constructed building housing a gift shop, public bathrooms and an area for display of related artifacts is slated to open in 2014. Fog signals have received much attention at Point Betsie. In the autumn of 1912, the fog signal building was rebuilt. The {{convert|10|in|adj=on}} locomotive whistles were replaced by 10 inch chime whistles. Meanwhile, the lamp was upgraded to an incandescent oil vapor system, with an intensity of 55,000 candlepower. In 1921, upon being connected to the electrical power grid, aa 110-volt electric bulb was installed, and the fog signal upgraded to twin Type "G" diaphones, driven by electric air compressors. The diaphone doubled the audible radius, and had the added benefit that it could be brought on line immediately, without waiting for steam engines to build pressure. The following April the fog signal's characteristic was changed to a group of two blasts every 30 seconds.[7] Dismantled and sold as junk to the local residents in the 1970s, who hauled it away, all original fog horn apparatus has long since disappeared and is no longer on site. The light is located on Point Betsie, Michigan, which in turn is part of a recognized terrestrial marine near shore ecosystem, dominated by a coastal dune with unique flora and fauna, including Pitcher's Thistle, Lake Huron Locust, and fascicled broomrape.[11] Current statusThe station was transferred to Benzie County under the terms of the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act in 2004 and, with the extensive leadership and volunteer power provided by The "Friends of Point Betsie Lighthouse" [3] extensive restoration and renovation continues to this day. For example, the lightstation has been repainted to its original color scheme, which has not been seen since the 1940s. The site is open for tours on a seasonal basis. Point Betsie is said to be one of America's most photographed lighthouses, and the most-visited attraction in Benzie County.[12] Because of its picturesque form and location, it is often the subject of photographs and drawings.[13] Even needlepoint illustrations have been rendered.[14] It is listed on the National Register of Historical Places, Reference #84001375.[15] See also
Gallery{{Gallery| lines = 2 |File:Point Betsie Lighthouse.JPG|A side view of the lighthouse |File:Pointbetsie.jpg|Vintage image of the station |File:point-betsie-hdr.jpg|North side view of the lighthouse }} References1. ^{{cite rowlett|miwl}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/ |title=National Register Information System |date=2009-03-13 |work=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=National Park Service |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601171611/http://www.nr.nps.gov/ |archivedate=2007-06-01 |df= }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.pointbetsie.org/|title=Homepage of Historic Facility - Point Betsie Lighthouse - Frankfort, Michigan|website=Pointbetsie.org|accessdate=2016-08-02}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/closeups/illumination/fresnel/3order.htm |title=Seeing The Light - The Third Order Fresnel Lens |website=Terrypepper.com |date= |accessdate=2016-08-02}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/maritime/light/ptbetsie.htm|title=Maritime Heritage Program - National Park Service|website=Nps.gov|accessdate=2016-08-02}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sleepingbeardunes.com/|title=The Official Website of the Sleeping Bear Dunes Visitors Bureau - Sleeping Bear Dunes|website=Sleepingbeardunes.com|accessdate=2016-08-02}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.terrypepper.com/Lights/michigan/betsie/betsie.htm|title=Seeing The Light - Point Betsie Lighthouse|website=Terrypepper.com|accessdate=2016-08-02}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://lighthouse.boatnerd.com/gallery/Michigan/PtBetsie.htm|title=Point Betsie Light|website= Lighthouse.boatnerd.com |accessdate=2016-08-02}} 9. ^Lighthouse Central, Photographs, History, Directions and Way points for Point Betsie Light, The Ultimate Guide to West Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - 2005). {{ISBN|0-9747977-0-7}}. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.terrypepper.com/Lights/closeups/illumination/acrylic/VRB-25/index.htm|title=Seeing The Light - The Vega 250mm plastic lighthouse optic|website=Terrypepper.com|accessdate=2016-08-02}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/1647609/Environmental-Protection-Agency-Land-by-the-Lakes-Nearshore-Terrestrial-Ecosystems |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-07-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621094454/http://www.scribd.com/doc/1647609/Environmental-Protection-Agency-Land-by-the-Lakes-Nearshore-Terrestrial-Ecosystems |archivedate=2008-06-21 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.michiganlighthouse.org/bibliography.html |title=Bibliography on Michigan lighthouses |website=Michiganlighthouse.org |accessdate=2016-08-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531005328/http://www.michiganlighthouse.org/bibliography.html |archivedate=2008-05-31 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://home.rochester.rr.com/mjm/light2.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-08-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828141318/http://home.rochester.rr.com/mjm/light2.html |archivedate=2007-08-28 |df= }} 14. ^[https://www.dataleap.com/secure/pin/orderpage.htm ]{{dead link|date=August 2016}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pointbetsie.org/lighthouse.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-02-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611134712/http://www.pointbetsie.org/lighthouse.html |archivedate=2007-06-11 |df= }} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Point Betsie Light Station|Point Betsie Light}}
8 : Lighthouses completed in 1854|Houses completed in 1854|Towers completed in 1854|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan|Michigan State Historic Sites|Life-Saving Service stations|National Register of Historic Places in Benzie County, Michigan|1859 establishments in Michigan |
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