| 词条 | Polly Adler |
| 释义 |
| name = Polly Adler | image = Polly Adler 1953.jpg | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = April 16, 1900 | birth_place = Yanow, Russia | death_date = {{death date and age|1962|6|9|1900|4|16}} | death_place = | nationality = American | other_names = | occupation = Madam, author | known_for = }} Pearl "Polly" Adler (April 16, 1900 – June 9, 1962)[1][1] was an American madam and author of Russian-Jewish origin. Early lifeThe oldest of nine children of Gertrude Koval and Morris Adler, Polly was the daughter of a tailor who travelled throughout Europe on business. Her early education was from the village rabbi.[2][3][4] Polly Adler emigrated to America from Yanow, Russia, near the Polish border at the age of 12 just before World War I. The war stopped her family from joining her. She lived for a time with family friends in Holyoke, Massachusetts, where she cleaned house and attended school, and at age 14, she began working in the local paper mill; the following year she moved to Brooklyn, living for a time with cousins.[2] She worked as a seamstress, at clothing factories, and sporadically attended school. At 19, she began to enjoy the company of theater people in Manhattan, and moved into the apartment of an actress and showgirl on Riverside Drive in New York City. It was at this apartment that she was introduced to a local bootlegger and gangster, who offered to pay Adler if she would allow him and his girlfriend to use her apartment. She began to procure for him and his friends, and became successful as a madam.[2] Bordello ownerShe opened her first bordello in 1920, under the protection of mobster Dutch Schultz and a friend of mobster Charles "Lucky" Luciano. One building in which she plied her trade was The Majestic at 215 West 75th Street, designed by architects Schwartz and Gross and completed in 1924 with hidden stairways and secret doorways.[5] Her brothel there boasted such patrons as Peter Arno, Harold Ross, Desi Arnaz,[6]George S. Kaufman,[7] Robert Benchley,[7] Dorothy Parker,[7] Milton Berle,[7] John Garfield,[7] New York City mayor Jimmy Walker, and mobster Dutch Schultz.[8] It has been theorized[9] that the New York State Supreme Court justice Joseph Force Crater, missing since Aug. 6, 1930, died in Polly Adler's brothel. Adler was a shrewd businesswoman with a mind for marketing. She determined that gaining publicity would be to her advantage, and she cultivated newspaper coverage by dressing flamboyantly, making grand appearances at nightclubs, and drawing attention to her beautiful employees. She also made large bribes to city and law enforcement officials to keep her business open.[2] In the early 1930s, Adler was a star witness of the Seabury Commission investigations and spent a few months in hiding in Florida to avoid testifying. She refused to give up any mob names to the Seabury Commission[7] when apprehended by the police. She survived by providing half of her income to her underworld safety net, and closed her business.[7] She retired in 1944. Adler attended college at age 50, and wrote a bestselling book, ghosted by Virginia Faulkner, A House Is Not a Home (1953), allowing her to live off the proceeds. She died in Los Angeles in 1962. A House Is Not a Home was made into a movie two years later, starring Shelley Winters as Adler. Her notoriety led her to be included in Cleveland Amory's 1959 Celebrity Register.[10] Trials{{quote box|width = 29em |border = 1px |align = right |bgcolor = #c6dbf7 |halign = left |quote = The world knew Polly as a madam, but her friends knew her as an intelligent woman, fun to be with, and a good cook. Milton Berle[7] |source = }} Spring 1935During Fiorello La Guardia's time as a mayor, Polly Adler and three of her girls were brought to court. She pleaded guilty and was subsequently sentenced to 30 days in jail (of which she served 24, scrubbing the jail floors in May and June 1935) and paid an additional $500 fine. "A plea of guilty was entered for Polly Adler in Special Sessions yesterday to a charge of possessing a motion picture machine with objectionable pictures in her East Fifty-fifth Street apartment when it was raided by the police last March 5."[11] "Another unexpected plea of guilty to maintaining an objectionable apartment at 30 East Fifty-fifth Street blocked in Special Sessions yesterday the trial of Polly Adler[12] on that and another charge that she kept an obscene motion picture film in the suite last March when it was raided." [13] January 1943"Polly Adler is in the prison ward of Bellevue Hospital, it became known yesterday, awaiting a hearing for the seventeenth time for maintaining a house of prostitution."—{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Polly Adler Seized Again; III in Bellevue Hospital Awaiting Hearing for 17th Time |date=January 16, 1943 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F03E7DE1139E33BBC4E52DFB7668388659EDE |page=28}} "A charge of keeping and maintaining a house for prostitution against Pearl Davis, better known as Polly Adler, was dismissed by Magistrate Thomas H. Cullen in Woman's Court yesterday after the court ruled that police had failed to establish a case."—{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |title= Polly Adler Is Freed; Court Holds Police Failed to Establish a Case |date=January 27, 1943 |page=23 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9902EFDD173CEE3BBC4F51DFB7668388659EDE}} AutobiographyA House is Not a Home is the 1953 autobiography of Polly Adler that was ghosted by Virginia Faulkner. Eleven years after publication it was made into a movie. Editions
Translations
Television and film portrayalsShelley Winters portrayed Adler in the 1964 film version of Adler's book.[7] The 1989 Perry Mason TV-movie Musical Murder revolved around a faux-musical based on Adler.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} Adler was portrayed by the actress Gisèle Rousseau in the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle.[14] The television show M*A*S*H episode "Bulletin Board" features a party/picnic called the "First Annual Polly Adler Birthday Cook-out Picnic and Bar-B-Que", with all proceeds going to Sr. Teresa's Orphanage. The picnic scene climaxes with a tug of war between the officers and enlisted men; in the episode "Goodbye, Cruel World", Colonel Potter asks "Why does my company clerk's office look like Polly Adler's parlor?" after Corporal Klinger does some redecorating with items sent from home. DeathAfter twenty five years working as a Madam, Adler died of cancer in Cedars of Lebanon Hospital. At 62 years old, she left her mother and brother behind, as well as rumors of an unfinished sequel to her book.[15] Footnotes1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/doc/141594930.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=historic&date=JUN%2011,%201962&author=&pub=The%20Washington%20Post&edition=&startpage=&desc=Polly%20Adler%20Dead;%20Wrote%20'A%20House%20Is%20Not%20a%20Home'|title=Polly Adler Dead|website=pqasb.pqarchiver.com|access-date=2017-10-22}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Sicherman |first=Barbara |author2=Carol Hurd Green |title=Notable American Women: The Modern Period |year=1980 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674627338 |page=7}} 3. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0001_0_00459.html |title=Polly Adler |encyclopedia=Jewish Virtual Library |accessdate=April 18, 2015}} 4. ^{{cite book |author=J. B. Litoff |author2=J. McDonnell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZyYa0cAPbkC&pg=PA3&vq=isadore+sarah |title=European Immigrant Women in the United States |pages=2–3|isbn=9780824053062 |year=1994 }} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.215w75.com/html/1920s_history.html | last=Jacobs | first=Lisa | title=Majestic Towers' Dirty Little Secret | work=215 West 75 Street building newsletter | date=Winter 2002}} 6. ^{{cite magazine | url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/04/peter-arno-the-new-yorker-cartoonist | title=The Double Life of Peter Arno, The New Yorker{{'}}s Most Influential Cartoonist | magazine=Vanity Fair | first=Ben | last=Schwartz | date=5 April 2016}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite book|author=John Baxter|title=Carnal Knowledge: Baxter's Concise Encyclopedia of Modern Sex|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qEG7CBOH_gC|accessdate=24 December 2011|date=10 February 2009|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-087434-6|page=3}} 8. ^Dorothy Parker Society, "Polly Adler's Brothel", Dorothy Parker Society 9. ^{{cite book|author=Richard J. Tofel|title=Vanishing Point: The Disappearance of Judge Crater and the New York He Left Behind|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Vanishing_point.html?id=CaYVAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=19 February 2013|date=October 2004|publisher=Ivan R. Dee|isbn=978-1566636056}} 10. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/weekinreview/13tanenhaus.html?ref=weekinreview | work=The New York Times | first=Sam | last=Tanenhaus | title=Tiger Woods and the Perils of Modern Celebrity | date=December 12, 2009}} 11. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/04/16/archives/polly-adler-enters-a-plea-of-guilty-but-lawyer-after-dispute-with.html |date=April 16, 1935 |page=9 |title=Polly Adler Enters a Plea of Guilty |accessdate=April 19, 2015}} 12. ^photos dated March 5, 1935 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913045816/http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/U727642INP/police-escorting-vice-queen |date=September 13, 2012 }} and March 14, 1935 13. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Polly Adler Makes a New Guilty Plea |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/05/07/archives/polly-adler-makes-a-new-guilty-plea-she-admits-maintaining-an.html |date=May 7, 1935 |page=10 |accessdate=April 19, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110588/fullcredits |publisher=Internet Movie Database |title=Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994)}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=POLLY ADLER DIES OF CANCER AT 62: Madame of '20's and '30's Later Wrote Best Seller|url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/115754692|accessdate=25 March 2017|publisher=New York Times|date=June 11, 1962}} Further reading
References
17 : 1900 births|1962 deaths|American autobiographers|American brothel owners and madams|American women in business|American female organized crime figures|Jewish-American mobsters|Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States|People from Brest Region|People from Ivanava District|Women autobiographers|20th-century American women writers|20th-century American non-fiction writers|20th-century American businesspeople|American women non-fiction writers|20th-century businesswomen|People from the Upper West Side |
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