“Polydorus of Thebes”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In Greek mythology, Polydorus or Polydoros ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|ɒ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|d|ɔːr|ə|s}}; {{lang-grc|Πολύδωρος}}, i.e. "many-gift[ed]") was a king of Thebes.

Family

Polydorus was the eldest son of Cadmus and Harmonia^[1]^[2] but younger than Semele^[3], his other sisters were Autonoë, Ino and Agave. He was the father of Labdacus^[4] by Nycteïs, the daughter of Nycteus.

Mythology

Upon the death of Cadmus, Pentheus, the son of Echion and Agave, after banishing Polydorus^[6] ruled Thebes for a short time until Dionysus prompted Agave to kill Pentheus.^[7] Polydorus then succeeded Pentheus as king of Thebes and married Nycteïs^[8]. When their son Labdacus was still young, Polydorus died of unknown causes, entrusting his father-in-law Nycteus to care the infant prince and to be his regent.^[9]

In Pausanias's history, Polydorus' rule began when his father abdicated the throne and together with her mother Harmonia migrated to the Illyrian tribe of the Enchelii, but this is the only source for such a timeline.^[10] It is also said that along with the thunderbolt hurled at the bridal chamber of Semele there fell a log from heaven. This log was adorned by Polydorus with bronze and called it Dionysus Cadmus.^[11]

A different account by Diodorus stated that the Thebans were exiled a second time (the first time during the reign of Cadmus) for Polydorus came back and was dissatisfied with the situation because of the misfortunes that had befallen Amphion, the previous king,^[12] in connection with his children.^[13]

Genealogy

Family tree of Theban Royal House

Solid lines indicate descendants.
Dashed lines indicate marriages.
Dotted lines indicate extra-marital relationships or adoptions.
Kings of Thebes are numbered with bold names and a light purple background.
- Joint rules are indicated by a number and lowercase letter, for example, 5a. Amphion shared the throne with 5b. Zethus.
Regents of Thebes are alphanumbered (format AN) with bold names and a light red background.
- The number N refers to the regency preceding the reign of the N^th king. Generally this means the regent served the N^th king but not always, as Creon (A9) was serving as regent to Laodamas (the 10th King) when he was slain by Lycus II (the usurping 9th king).
- The letter A refers to the regency sequence. "A" is the first regent, "B" is the second, etc.
Deities have a yellow background color and italic names.

Notes

1. ^Hesiod. Theogony, 978, Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 3.4.2, Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica, 4.2.1 & Nonnus. Dionysiacca, [https://topostext.org/work/529#5.19 5.208]
2. ^Nonnus. Dionysiacca, [https://topostext.org/work/529#5.19 5.208]
3. ^Nonnus. Dionysiaca, [https://topostext.org/work/529#5.19 5.298]
4. ^Herodotus. The Histories, 5.59, Euripides. The Phoenician Women, 1, Arrian. The Anabasis of Alexander, [https://topostext.org/work/205#2.16.1 2.16.1] & Sophocles. Oedipus Tyrannus, 267
5. ^Nonnus. Dionysiaca, [https://topostext.org/work/529#5.19 5.207ff]
6. ^Nonnus. Dionysiaca, [https://topostext.org/work/529#5.19 46.259]
7. ^Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 3.5.2
8. ^Hyginus. [https://topostext.org/work/206#76 Fabulae, 76]
9. ^Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 3.5.5 & Pausanias. Description of Greece, 2.6.2 & 9.5.4
10. ^Pausanias. Description of Greece, 9.5.3
11. ^Pausanias. Description of Greece, 9.12.4
12. ^Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica, 19.53.5 This was contradicting to the stories of Apollodorus because Polydorus had already died when Amphion ruled on Thebes and after Amphion's death Polydorus' grandson Laius reigned after.
13. ^i.e. the Niobides, slain by Apollo and Artemis to punish their mother Niobê, who had presumed to compare herself with Leto

Family

Mythology

Genealogy

Family tree of Theban Royal House

Notes

References