| 词条 | Ponca Fort |
| 释义 |
Nanza is the Ponca name for what is now called Ponca Fort. It was a fortified village built by the Ponca in the vicinity of present-day Niobrara, Nebraska, USA, in circa 1700 and occupied until about 1865. The site of Nanza is located at the fork where Ponca Creek meets the Niobrara River, west of the Niobrara River's entry into the Missouri River. It is located in what is now Knox County, Nebraska, near the town of Verdel.[1] Nanza was a principal settlement for the Ponca and was built to protect the Ponca against the Arikaras, Cheyennes or Apaches. It contained earth lodges and was surrounded by several cemeteries, probably created during disease outbreaks after European contact. Today Ponca Fort lies on private property. The site is renowned among archaeologists for its resemblance to Middle Mississippian fortified towns found in Ohio which date from 800 through 1550.[2] Nanza comprises numerous earth lodge sites encircled by a protective wall perhaps six feet high. Today the fortification is still visible. Archeological excavations have determined there was originally a ditch three feet deep and ten feet wide surrounding the berm. An earth embankment supporting a post palisade was discovered inside the ditch. Guns, hatchets, knives, beads, kettles, cloth and other European goods have been recovered from Ponca Fort, and serve as a testimony to the village's important position in the local fur trade.[3] There is also evidence of extensive trade with other tribes. Pottery, stone mauls, meeling slabs and maulers, bone knives, hoes, tubes, shaft wrenches and picks, and strip bark in rolls from as far away as the Southeastern United States.[4] On April 3, 1973, the Ponca Fort was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[5] See also
References1. ^Dorsey, J. (1884) Omaha sociology. Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution {{coord missing|Nebraska}}{{Native Americans in Nebraska}}{{Registered Historic Places}}{{nebraska-geo-stub}}{{US-hist-stub}}2. ^Howard, J. (1965). The Ponca Tribe. Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 3. ^(n.d.)Nebraska National Register Sites in Knox County. Nebraska State Historical Society. 4. ^Johansen, B. (Ed.) (2004) Enduring legacies: Native American treaties and contemporary controversies. Praeger/Greenwood. 5. ^National Register in Knox County - Nebraska 7 : Missouri River|1700 establishments in North America|Buildings and structures in Knox County, Nebraska|Archaeological sites in Nebraska|Forts in Nebraska|Pre-statehood history of Nebraska|Native American history of Nebraska |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。