| 词条 | Ponnambalam Ramanathan | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan |native_name = பொன்னம்பலம் இராமநாதன் |native_name_lang = ta |honorific-suffix = Kt CMG KC MLC |image = Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan (1851-1930).jpg |imagesize = |office1 = Solicitor-General of Ceylon |term_start1 = 1892 |term_end1 = 1906 |predecessor1 = Charles Layard |successor1 = James Cecil Walter Pereira |office2 = Unofficial Member (Tamil) Legislative Council of Ceylon |term_start2 = 1879 |term_end2 = 1892 |predecessor2 = Muthu Coomaraswamy |successor2 = P. Coomaraswamy |office3 = Unofficial Member (Educated Ceylonese) Legislative Council of Ceylon |term_start3 = 1911 |term_end3 = 1921 |predecessor3 = |successor3 = James Peiris |office4 = Unofficial Member Legislative Council of Ceylon |term_start4 = 1921 |term_end4 = 1924 |predecessor4 = |successor4 = |office5 = Member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon for Northern Province North |term_start5 = 1924 |term_end5 = 1930 |predecessor5 = |successor5 = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1851|04|16|df=yes}} |birth_place = Colombo, Ceylon |birth_name = P. Ramanathan |death_date = {{Death date and age|1930|11|26|1851|04|16|df=yes}} |death_place = Colombo, Ceylon |citizenship = |nationality = |party = |otherparty = |spouse = |partner = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = Presidency College, Madras |occupation = |profession = Lawyer |religion = |website = |footnotes = |blank1 = Ethnicity |data1 = Ceylon Tamil }} Ponnambalam Ramanathan ({{lang-ta|பொன்னம்பலம் இராமநாதன்|translit=Poṉṉampalam Irāmanātaṉ}}; 16 April 1851 – 26 November 1930) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician and Solicitor-General of Ceylon. Early life and family{{See also|Ponnambalam-Coomaraswamy family}}Ramanathan was born on 16 April 1851 at the home of his maternal grandfather A. Coomaraswamy on Sea Street, Colombo in south western Ceylon.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=1}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=24}} He was the son of Gate Mudaliyar A. Ponnambalam, a leading government functionary, and Sellachi Ammai.[1]{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=24}} He was the brother of P. Coomaraswamy and P. Arunachalam. Ramanathan had his early education at home before joining Royal Academy, Colombo in 1861.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=1}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=80}} Ramanathan and his brother Coomaraswamy entered Presidency College, Madras in 1865.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=1}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=83}} The brothers completed the Intermediate in Arts and started the degree course but, following "youthful excesses" by Coomaraswamy, both were recalled to Ceylon without completing the course.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=87}} Ramanathan married Sellachchi Ammal, daughter of Mudaliyar E. Nannithamby, in 1874 at Ward Place, Colombo.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=105}} They had three sons (Mahesan, Rajendra and Vamadeven) and three daughters (Sivakolunthu, Rukmini).[2] After being widowed Ramanathan married Australian R. L. Harrison (later known as Leelawathy).{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=505}} They had a daughter, Sivagamisundhari.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=506}} CareerReturning to Ceylon, with the help of his maternal uncle Muthu Coomaraswamy Ramanathan became a law apprentice under Richard Morgan, Queen's Advocate of Ceylon.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=88}} Ramanathan became an advocate of the Colombo bar in 1874.[1]{{Efn|Another source says Ramanathan became an advocate in 1873.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=92}}}} He was responsible for editing law reports for the previous 36 years and later served as editor of the official law reports (the Supreme Court Circular and the New Law Reports) for ten years.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=2}} Ramanathan stopped practising law in 1886 to concentrate on politics and his interest religious studies and philosophy.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=104}} Ramanathan was appointed to the Legislative Council of Ceylon in 1879 as the unofficial member representing Tamils, replacing his maternal uncle Muthu Coomaraswamy.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=3}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=133}} In 1880 he founded the Ceylon National Association, of which he was president, to campaign for constitutional reform{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=394}} Whilst on a tour of Europe Ramanathan, his wife and daughter were presented to Queen Victoria and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1886.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=4}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=304}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=305}} He was appointed Solicitor-General of Ceylon in 1892.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=8}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=462}} In 1903 he became one of the first Ceylonese to be appointed King's Counsel.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=4}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|pp=471-472}} In 1905, prior to his retirement in 1906, he went on a tour of the USA where he gave lectures on Hinduism and Hindu philosophy.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=10}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=516}} Ramanathan founded the National Reform Association in 1907.{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=14}} He contested the 1911 legislative council election as a candidate for the Educated Ceylonese seat and was elected to the Legislative Council, defeating physician Marcus Fernando.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=15}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=584}}[3] Ramanathan was responsible for the release of the Sinhalese leaders who had been arrested following the 1915 Ceylonese riots, travelling to the UK to make their case.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=17}}[4] He was re-elected at the 1916 legislative council election, defeating Justus Sextus Wijesinghe Jayewardene.[1][4]{{sfn|Vythilingam|1977|p=361}} Ramanathan was appointed as an unofficial member of the Legislative Council in 1921.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=17}}[5] He contested the 1924 legislative council election as a candidate for the Northern Province North (Valikamam North) seat and was re-elected to the Legislative Council.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=17}}[6] Ramanathan was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1889 Birthday Honours.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=8}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=415}}[7] He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1921.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=17}}[8]{{Efn|Another source claims Ramanathan was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1977|p=479}}}} Ramanathan founded two schools in northern Ceylon – Parameshwara College, Jaffna and Ramanathan College.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=19}} In 1907 Ramanathan rebuilt the Sri Ponnambala Vaneswara Temple at Sea Street in Kochchikade, founded by his father.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=25}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1971|p=534}} He helped establish the Hindu Education Board in 1923 and served as its president and manager of schools.{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=23}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1977|p=551}} He was also president of the Thiruvalluvar Maha Sabai in Madras.[9] Ramanathan and other leading figures founded The Ceylonese, an English-language newspaper, in 1913.[10][11] He was president of the Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club from 1917 to 1930.[12] Ramanathan opposed extending voting rights to the people and urged reservation of franchise only to men of the Vellalar caste.[13] Ramanathan died on 26 November 1930 at his home Sukhastan on Ward Place, Colombo.[1]{{sfn|Muttucumaraswamy|1973|p=26}}{{sfn|Vythilingam|1977|p=735}}{{Efn|Other sources claim Ramanathan died on 30 November 1930.{{sfn|Vythilingam|1977|p=735}}[14]}} Future Prime Minister D. S. Senanayake described Ramanathan as "the greatest Ceylonese of all times".[15] Works
Electoral history
Footnotes{{Notelist}}Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 {{cite book|last=Arumugam|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon|url=http://noolaham.net/project/19/1810/1810.pdf|year=1997|pages=158-159|authorlink=S. Arumugam}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Sri Lankan Tamil Family Genealogy: Ulaganathar of Manipay|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/gen5006.html|publisher=Rootsweb}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/CH18Df04.html|chapter=Chapter 2: Beginning of British Rule}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/CH25Df02.html|chapter=Chapter 3: Muslim riots and communal rumblings}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=The London Gazette|journal=The London Gazette|date=10 June 1921|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32352/page/4635|issue=32352|page=4635}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/CI08Df01.html|chapter=Chapter 5: Political polarization on communal lines}} 7. ^{{cite journal|title=Supplement|journal=The London Gazette|date=25 May 1889|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/25939/page/25939|issue=40369|page=2875}} 8. ^{{cite journal|title=The London Gazette|journal=The London Gazette|date=20 September 1921|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32461/page/7382|issue=32461|page=7382}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Maniccavasagar|first1=Chelvathamby|title=National figure with international reputation|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2011/04/20/fea03.asp|work=Daily News (Sri Lanka)|date=20 April 2011}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5584-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ|p=390}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Edirisinghe|first1=Padma|title=Ghostly beginnings of a famous newspaper|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2010/09/20/fea12.asp|work=Daily News (Sri Lanka)|date=20 September 2010}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Presidents|url=http://tamilunioncricket.com/index.php/2013-03-01-05-03-10/presidents|publisher=Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club}} 13. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.no/books?hl=no&id=cR89AAAAMAAJ&dq=ponnambalam+franchise+vellala&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ponnambalam+ramanthan|title=Domestic Conflicts in South Asia: Economic and Ethnic Dimensions|last=Phadnis|first=Urmila|last2=Muni|first2=Sukh Deo|last3=Bahadur|first3=Kalim|date=1986|publisher=South Asian Publishers|year=|isbn=9788170030713|location=|pages=128|language=en}} 14. ^{{cite news|last1=Seneviratne|first1=Tassie|title=Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan: “The greatest Ceylonese of all times”|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/141207/sunday-times-2/sir-ponnambalam-ramanathan-the-greatest-ceylonese-of-all-times-131437.html|work=The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|date=7 December 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Shanmuganayagarn|first1=C.|title=Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan|url=http://www.island.lk/2006/04/12/midweek2.html|work=The Island (Sri Lanka)|date=12 April 2006}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=The Annual American Catalog, 1900-1909|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMNEAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA252|accessdate=14 April 2018|year=1907|publisher=Office of the Publishers' Weekly|page=252|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite book|last=Sugirtharajah|first=R. S.|title=Jesus in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QERMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA275|accessdate=14 April 2018|date=19 February 2018|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674051133|page=275 |df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite news|last1=Wisumperuma|first1=Dhanesh|title=Cast(e) in favour|url=http://www.nation.lk/2011/12/11/eyefea6.htm|work=The Nation (Sri Lanka)|date=11 December 2011}} 19. ^{{cite news|last1=Ramanathan|first1=P.|authorlink1=P. Ramanathan (judge)|title=One of the "greatest" Ceylonese|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/000102/sup6.html|work=The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|date=2 January 2000}} 20. ^{{cite book|last1=Sabaratnam|first1=T.|title=The Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle|url=http://sangam.org/2010/11/Tamil_Struggle_16.php|chapter=Chapter 16: The Arunachalam Factor}} References{{Refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category|P. Ramanathan}}
21 : 1851 births|1930 deaths|20th-century Sri Lankan lawyers|20th-century Sri Lankan politicians|Alumni of Royal College, Colombo|Ceylonese Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George|Ceylonese Knights Bachelor|Ceylonese Queen's Counsel|Coomaraswamy family|Members of the Inner Temple|Members of the Legislative Council of Ceylon|National Heroes of Sri Lanka|People from Colombo|People of British Ceylon|Presidency College, Chennai alumni|Queen's Counsel 1901–2000|Solicitors General of Ceylon|Sri Lankan Hindus|Sri Lankan Tamil lawyers|Sri Lankan Tamil politicians|Sri Lankan Tamil writers |
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