| 词条 | Portland Bill Lighthouse | |||||
| 释义 |
| name = Portland Bill Lighthouse | image_name = File:Portland Bill Lighthouse - geograph.org.uk - 960112.jpg | image_width = | caption = Portland Bill Lighthouse | location = Portland Bill Isle of Portland Dorset England | pushpin_map = Dorset | pushpin_map_caption = Dorset | pushpin = lighthouse | coordinates = {{coord|50.514155|-2.456383|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1903-05 | yearlit = 1906 | automated = 1996 | yeardeactivated = | foundation = | construction = sandstone tower | shape = tapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern | marking = white tower with a red horizontal band, white lantern | height = {{convert|41|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|43|m|ft}} | lens = | currentlens = 1st order catadioptric rotating | lightsource = | intensity = 635,000 candela | range = {{convert|25|nmi}} | characteristic = Fl (4) W 20s. | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = A0294 | canada = | NGA = 0448 | ARLHS = ENG-273 | USCG = | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = The Crown Estate[1] | heritage = | module = }}Portland Bill Lighthouse is a functioning lighthouse at Portland Bill, on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. The lighthouse and its boundary walls are Grade II Listed.[2] As Portland Bill's largest and most recent lighthouse, the Trinity House operated Portland Bill Lighthouse is distinctively white and red striped, standing at a height of {{convert|41|m}}. It was completed by 1906 and first shone out on 11 January 1906.[3] To date, the lighthouse guides passing vessels through the hazardous waters surrounding the Bill, while also acting as a waymark for ships navigating the English Channel.[4] HistoryThe two original lighthouses, now known as the Old Higher Lighthouse and Old Lower Lighthouse, operated as a pair of leading lights to guide ships between Portland Race and The Shambles sandbank.[1] They were constructed in 1716, both rebuilt in 1869, and decommissioned following the completion of the present lighthouse.[5] At the turn of the 20th-century, Trinity House put forward plans for building a new lighthouse at Bill Point. They acquired the required land in 1903.[6][7] The builders, Wakeham Bros. of Plymouth, began work on the foundations in October 1903.[8] Chance & Co of Birmingham supplied and fitted the lantern.[9] A pressurised vapour paraffin lamp was used, placed at the centre of a large (first-order) revolving optic weighing 3.5 tons, made up of four asymmetrical catadioptric panels and a concave prismatic reflector.[10] The lighthouse was completed in 1905 at a cost of £13,000, and the lamp first lit on 11 January 1906.[5] A red sector light was provided in addition to the main light, shining from a window in the lower part of the tower, to indicate the position of The Shambles.[1] In 1940 the lighthouse was provided with an F-type diaphone fog signal, sounding from a window part-way up the tower. It remained in regular use until 1995, when it was replaced by a high-frequency electric fog signal (sounding from another window, further down) in readiness for automation.[10] On 18 March 1996, Portland Bill Lighthouse was demanned, and all monitoring and control transferred to the Trinity House Operations & Planning Centre in Harwich.[11] Lamp and fog signalPortland Bill Lighthouse uses a 1 kW MBI lamp and the same four-panel first order catadioptric rotating optical system. The light flashes four times every 20 seconds and has an intensity of 635,000 candelas, with a range of 25 nautical miles. A fog signal is used in times of bad weather. The signal uses a four-second blast every 30 seconds with a range of 2 nautical miles.[4] The original Type F diaphone was decommissioned in 1996, but restored to occasional use in 2003 for the benefit of visitors.[12] In November 2018 Trinity House applied for (and obtained) planning permission to remove the optic from the lantern room as part of a programme of modernisation, and to remove the diaphone fog signalling equipment from the tower.[13] It is proposed that the optic will be relocated to the base of the tower.[14] As part of the modernisation programme a new omnidirectional fog signal will be installed on the exterior lantern gallery[15] and a new non-rotating LED light source installed in the lantern room.[16] Tourist attractionAs Portland's prime attraction, the Portland Bill Lighthouse is open to the public for tours. A visitor centre is housed in the former lighthouse keeper's quarters. The original centre closed in 2013 due to lack of funding,[17] however a new renovated centre opened in 2015.[18] The tours operated at the lighthouse last approximately 45 minutes and visitors are able to climb the 153 steps to the top of the lighthouse.[19] GallerySee also{{stack|{{Portal|Dorset|Lighthouses}}}}
References1. ^1 2 [https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses-and-lightvessels/portland-bill-lighthouse Portland Bill Lighthouse] Trinity House. Retrieved April 25, 2016 2. ^{{NHLE|num=1280498 |desc=|accessdate=19 January 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.geoffkirby.co.uk/Portland/675680/ |title=Portland Bill, Portland, Dorset |publisher=Geoffkirby.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 November 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/portland_bill.html |title=Portland Bill Lighthouse |publisher=Trinityhouse.co.uk |date=18 March 1996 |accessdate=24 November 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627123852/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/portland_bill.html |archivedate=27 June 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dorsetlife.co.uk/2014/03/portland-three-lighthouses-walk/|title=Portland – Three Lighthouses Walk|work=dorsetlife.co.uk|accessdate=14 June 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pbtyc/Portland/PYB/Chronology.html|title=Portland Year Book|work=ancestry.com|accessdate=14 June 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Legg|first=Rodney|title=Portland Encyclopaedia|year=1999|publisher=Dorset Publishing Company|isbn=978-0948699566|page=85}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pbtyc/Portland/PYB/Lighthouse.html|title=Portland Year Book|work=ancestry.com|accessdate=14 June 2015}} 9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.theoutdoorstore.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/route3-portlandbill.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=14 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929172034/http://www.theoutdoorstore.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/route3-portlandbill.pdf |archive-date=29 September 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Renton |first1=Alan |title=Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals |date=2001 |publisher=Whittles |location=Caithness, Scotland}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/portland_bill.html|title=Portland Bill|work=trinityhouse.co.uk|accessdate=14 June 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627123852/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/portland_bill.html|archivedate=27 June 2015|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/archive/2003/08/27/Dorset+Archive/5376521.Blast_from_the_past/ |title=Blast from the past (From Bournemouth Echo) |publisher=Bournemouthecho.co.uk |date=27 August 2003 |accessdate=24 November 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Planning – Application Summary |url=https://planning.dorset.gov.uk/public-access/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=DCAPR_29321 |website=dorsetforyou |publisher=Dorset Council |accessdate=23 March 2019}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=The modernisation planned for Portland Bill lighthouse |url=https://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/17205006.the-modernisation-planned-for-portland-bill-lighthouse/ |website=Dorset Echo |accessdate=12 March 2019}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Portland Bill Lighthouse Modernisation – DAS & Methodology |url=https://planning.dorset.gov.uk/public-access/files/D1F85BC50A49A70873A636B70B6E36E5/pdf/WP_18_00831_LBC--1980500.pdf |website=dorsetforyou |publisher=Trinity House |accessdate=23 March 2019}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Heritage Statement / Assessment: Portland Bill Lighthouse Modernisation |url=https://planning.dorset.gov.uk/public-access/files/03DF54F66E53DEAF5E8CAB6E3760DDBA/pdf/WP_18_00831_LBC--1974104.pdf |website=dorsetforyou |publisher=Trinity House |accessdate=23 March 2019}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/10868078.Tourism_Information_Centre_shuts_at_Portland_Bill_lighthouse/|title=Tourism Information Centre shuts at Portland Bill lighthouse|work=Dorset Echo|accessdate=14 June 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/portland_bill.html?tab=visitor |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-11-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822043730/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/portland_bill.html?tab=visitor |archivedate=22 August 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/infoloca.php3?locacode=11160&servcode=1149&service=attr |title=Portland Bill Lighthouse Visitor Centre was just one of many places to visit in Portland Bill Lighthouse Visitor Centre |publisher=Resort-guide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001812/http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/infoloca.php3?locacode=11160&servcode=1149&service=attr |archive-date=2 May 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} External links{{Commons category|Portland Bill Lighthouse}}
11 : 1906 establishments in England|Lighthouses completed in 1906|Towers completed in 1906|Grade II listed buildings in Dorset|Grade II listed lighthouses|Isle of Portland|Lighthouse museums in England|Lighthouses in Dorset|Lighthouses of the English Channel|Museums in Dorset|Towers in Dorset |
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