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词条 Potamoi
释义

  1. Mythology

  2. List of Potamoi

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Greek myth (aquatic nymphs)}}

The Potamoi ({{lang-grc-gre|Ποταμοί}}, "Rivers") are the gods of rivers and streams of the earth in Greek mythology.

Mythology

The river gods were the 3000 sons of the great earth-encircling river Oceanus and his wife Tethys and the brothers of the Oceanids.[1]

They were also the fathers of the Naiads.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} The river gods were depicted in one of three forms: a man-headed bull, a bull-headed man with the body of a serpent-like fish from the waist down, or as a reclining man with an arm resting upon an amphora jug pouring water.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}}

Notable river gods include:

  • Achelous, the god of the Achelous River, the largest river in Greece, who gave his daughter in marriage to Alcmaeon,[2] and was defeated by Heracles in a wrestling contest for the right to marry Deianira.[3]
  • Alpheus, who fell in love with the nymph Arethusa, pursuing her to Syracuse, where she was transformed into a spring by Artemis.[4]
  • Inachus, the first king of Argos and progenitor of Argive line through his son grandson Argus.
  • Nilus, Egyptian river god and the father of numerous daughters that mingled with the descendants of Inachus, forming a dynasty of kings in Egypt, Libya, Arabia and Ethiopia.
  • Peneus, river god of Thessaly flowing from the foot of Pindus. He was the father of Daphne and Stilbe, love interests of the god Apollo.
  • Scamander, who fought on the side of the Trojans during the Trojan War, and, offended when Achilles polluted his waters with the a large number of Trojan corpses, overflowed his banks nearly drowning Achilles.[5]

List of Potamoi

The following are the sons of Oceanus and Tethys:[6][7][8]

LIST OF RIVER GODS ACCORDING TO VARIOUS SOURCES
Name of RiverRiver godSourcesLocationSon of Oceanus and Tethys
Hes.OvidApol.Plut.Hyg.Pau.Others
Achelous or Akheloios✓✓✓✓✓Aetolia✓
Acheron✓✓✓Underworld and Thesprotia*presumably
AcisChanged into a river✓Sicilyson of Pan and nymph Symaethis
Acragasdate=April 2017}}Sicily
Aeas✓✓Epirus*
Aegaeus✓ApolloniusScheria (Corcyra)*
Aesar✓StraboTyrrhenia or Etruria*
Aesepus✓✓Troad✓
Almo✓✓Latium*
Alpheus✓✓✓✓✓✓Arcadia✓
Amnisos✓Apollonius,CallimachusCrete*
Amphrysos✓✓Thessaly*
Anapos✓✓NonnusSicily*
Anaurosdate=April 2017}}Thessaly
Anigros✓StraboElis*
Apidanus✓✓Thessaly*
ArarRiver named after✓Gallia Celtica (Celtic Gaul)
AraxesRiver named after✓Armeniason of Pylus
Ardescus✓✓Thrace✓
Arnos✓StraboEtruria*
Ascanius✓✓AntoninusMysia*
Asopus✓✓✓Boeotia and Argos✓; some accounts, son of Zeus and Eurynome or Poseidon and either Pero or Celusa
Asterion✓✓Argos*
Axenus or Axius✓✓Paeonia and Macedonia✓
Baphyrasdate=April 2017}}Pieria
Borysthenes✓AntoninusScythia*
Brychon✓LycophronChersonnese*
Caanthus✓✓✓
Caicinus✓✓Bruttium*
Caicus✓✓✓Teuthrania, Mysia✓
Cayster✓✓Lydia*
Cebren✓✓✓PartheniusTroad*
Cephissus✓✓✓✓✓Phocis, Attica, Argos✓
Chremetes✓NonnusLibya*
Cladeus or Kladeosdate=April 2017}}✓Elis*
Clitumnusdate=April 2017}}Umbria*
Cocytus✓OppianUnderworld and Thesprotia*
Crataisdate=April 2017}}✓*
Crinisus✓Virgil, LycophronSicily*
Cydnos✓NonnusCilicia*
Cytherosdate=April 2017}}✓Elis*
Elissondate=April 2017}}StatiusAchaea*
Enipeus✓✓✓Thessaly*
Erasinus✓✓Argos*
Eridanus✓✓Hyperborea, Attica✓
Erymanthus✓✓AelianAttica*
Euphrates✓✓✓Assyria✓
Eurotas✓ River named after✓✓✓Laconiason of Lelex and Cleocharia or of Myles
Evenus or✓✓✓✓Aetolia✓ ; some accounts, a mortal son of Ares and either Demodice or Stratonice who flung himself to the river Lycormas
Lycormas
Ganges✓✓✓India*
Granicus✓✓✓Troad✓
Haliacmon✓✓Macedonia✓
Halys✓Apollonius, Valerius FlaccusPaphlygonia and Pontos*
Hebrus✓✓LucianCiconia, Thrace*
Heptaporus✓✓Troad✓
Hermus✓✓Lydia*
Hydaspes✓✓NonnusIndia✓; son of Thaumas and Electra
Ilissos✓PlatoAttica*
Imbrasos✓AthenaeusSamos*
Inachus✓✓✓✓✓Argos✓
Indus✓✓✓India or Caria✓
Inopos✓CallimachusDelos*
Ismenus✓✓✓Boeotia✓
Istrus or Ister✓✓Scythia✓
Ladon✓✓✓✓Arcadia✓
Lamos✓NonnusCilicia or Boeotia✓
MarsyasRiver named after✓Phrygiaa satyr; son of Hyagnis and either Olympus or Oeagrus
Maeander✓✓✓✓✓✓Caria✓
Meles✓Hellanicus, EugaeonLydia*
Mincius✓VirgilGallia, Italy*
Nestos or Nessus✓✓Bistonia, Thrace✓
Nilus or Nile✓✓✓✓✓Egypt✓
Numicius✓✓Latium, Italy*
Nymphaeusdate=April 2017}}Quintus SmyrnaeusBithynia and Paphlagonia
Orontes✓✓Syria✓
Pactolus✓✓NonnusLydia*
Parthenius✓✓Paphlagonia✓
Phasis✓✓✓Colchis✓
Phlegethon or Pyriphlegethon✓Virgil, StatiusUnderworldson of Cocytus
Phyllis✓ApolloniusThynia, Anatolia*
Peneus✓✓✓✓Thessaly✓
Pleistos✓ApolloniusPhocis*
Porpaxdate=April 2017}}Sicily
Rhesus✓✓Troad✓
Rhine✓NonnusIberia (Spain)*
Rhodius✓✓Troad✓
Rhyndacus✓NonnusPhrygia and Bithynia*
Sangarius or Sagaris✓✓✓✓Phrygia✓
Satnioeisdate=April 2017}}HomerTroad
Scamander✓✓✓✓✓Troad✓
Selemnusdate=April 2017}}✓Achaea
Simoeis✓✓✓✓✓Troad✓
Spercheus✓✓Malis
Strymon✓✓✓✓✓Edonia, Thrace✓
Symaethus✓✓Sicily*
Tanais✓✓✓Scythia✓
Termessus✓✓Boeotia*
Thermodon✓✓✓Pontos and Assyria✓
Tiberinus✓VirgilLatium, Italy*
Tigris✓✓✓Assyria✓
Titaressusdate=April 2017}}Homer, Strabo, SenecaThessaly
TOTAL252517

See also

  • List of Oceanids
  • Potamides (river nymphs)

Notes

1. ^Hesiod, Theogony 337–345, 366–370.
2. ^Apollodorus, 3.7.5.
3. ^Apollodorus, 1.8.1, 2.7.5.
4. ^Smith, "Alpheius".
5. ^Homer, Iliad 20.74, 21.211 ff..
6. ^Hyginus, Fabulae: "Preface"
7. ^Hesiod, Theogony, 334
8. ^Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers

References

  • Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Hyginus, Gaius Julius, Astronomica, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
  • Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873).

External links

  • "Potamoi" at Theoi.com
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}Древнегреческие речные боги

2 : Sea and river gods|Potamoi
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