1. Current conferences and teams

2. Under the College Football Playoff system

3. TV and revenues

4. Realignment since the 1990s

5. Under the BCS system

6. BCS and CFP Bowl Game appearances by conference

7. Other sports

8. See also

9. References

10. Notes

In college football, the term Power Five conferences refers to five athletic conferences whose members are part of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I, the highest level of collegiate football in the United States. The conferences are the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), Big Ten Conference (B1G), Big 12 Conference, Pac-12 Conference, and Southeastern Conference (SEC). The term "Power Five" is not defined by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the origin of the term is unknown. It has been used in its current meaning since at least 2006.^[1] The term is also used in other college sports.

The Power Five conferences make up five of the ten conferences in FBS; the other FBS conferences are informally known as the Group of Five.^[2] The FBS consists of the Power Five, the Group of Five, and a small number of independent schools. Prior to the establishment of the College Football Playoff in 2014, the Power Five conferences, as well as the old Big East Conference, were called Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conferences, because the champion of each conference received an automatic berth in one of the five Bowl Championship Series (BCS) bowl games. The final college football season for which the BCS was in effect was the 2013 season. With the split of the old Big East, there are now five power conferences.

The conferences that comprise the Power Five are designated by the NCAA, individually by name, as "autonomy conferences". Section 5.3.2.1 of the NCAA Constitution grants such conferences autonomy "to permit the use of resources to advance the legitimate educational or athletics-related needs of student-athletes and for legislative changes that will otherwise enhance student-athlete well-being". Eleven areas of autonomy are listed, including Promotional Activities Unrelated to Athletics Participation, Pre-enrollment Expenses and Support, and Financial Aid.^[3]

Current conferences and teams

The ten current FBS conferences are listed below. For the Power Five, the member universities of each conference are also listed.

Power Five

• Notre Dame football, an independent, plays four to six games a year against ACC opponents. The Fighting Irish are members of the ACC for all other sports, except ice hockey, which plays in the Big Ten Conference.

Group of Five

Under the College Football Playoff system

With the establishment of the College Football Playoff in 2014, the term "automatic qualifying conference" is no longer in use, as the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) has been discontinued. However, five of the six former AQ conferences are now known as the "Power Five conferences": the Big Ten Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), the Pac-12 Conference, and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The American Athletic Conference (AAC or its preferred short form of "The American"), the football successor to the Big East Conference, lost its status as a power conference. It is unknown where the term "Power Five Conference" originated from; it is not officially documented anywhere by the NCAA.

The American and the other four conferences in the FBS are known as the "Group of Five" (sometimes called the G5). Besides The American, the other four members of the Group of Five are Conference USA (C-USA), the Mid-American Conference (MAC), the Mountain West Conference (MW), and the Sun Belt Conference.

The FBS also has six independent schools as of the 2018 season: Notre Dame, Army, BYU, Liberty, New Mexico State, and UMass. Notre Dame is currently considered equal to the Power Five schools, being a full (with the exception of football) member of the ACC with an annual five-game football scheduling agreement with that conference, its own national television contract, and its own arrangement for access to the CFP-affiliated bowl games should it meet stated competitive criteria. All Power Five leagues that require their members to schedule at least one Power Five team in nonconference play (currently the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, and SEC) consider Notre Dame to be a Power Five opponent for such purposes. The ACC, Big Ten and SEC also count BYU as a Power Five opponent for scheduling purposes, and the Big Ten and SEC count Army as well.^[4][5][6]

Teams from the Power Five and the Group of Five play each other during the season, and sometimes also play against FCS teams. However, many coaches of Power Five schools have argued that Power Five schools should only be allowed to schedule games against other Power Five schools.^[2] In 2014, the NCAA gave the Power Five conferences greater autonomy in regards to issues such as stipends and recruiting rules.^[7] Some Power Five conferences, including the Big Ten and SEC, require their teams to play at least one non-conference P5 opponent each season.^[6][5]

The College Football Playoff rotates among six bowl games, with two bowl games used as each year as the national semi-finals, and four other bowls matching the remaining top teams in the country. These six bowl games are collectively known as the "New Year's Six" bowl games. Conference champions from the Power Five are not guaranteed a spot in the playoffs, and at least one will always be left out of the playoffs. Group of Five teams, while not ineligible by any rule, have not yet been ranked higher than #8 (UCF in 2018), with selectors claiming these teams have weaker schedules. Each conference champion from the Power Five and the highest-ranked Group of Five conference champion is guaranteed a spot in either the playoff or one of the four other most prestigious bowl games.^[8] Every year, a non-Power Five team is guaranteed one bid to the New Year's Six bowls; however, so far no additional bids beyond that one have been granted. Nonetheless, they have notched an overall record of 3-2 in this time.

• 2014 Fiesta Bowl: Boise State (MW) 38, Arizona 30
• 2015 Peach Bowl: Houston (American) 38, Florida State 24
• 2017 Cotton Bowl: Wisconsin 24, Western Michigan (MAC) 16
• 2018 Peach Bowl: UCF (American) 34, Auburn 27
• 2019 Fiesta Bowl: LSU 40, UCF (American) 32

TV and revenues

Realignment since the 1990s

The FBS has undergone several waves of realignment since the 1990s, when the Bowl Coalition was established. The first realignment occurred in the 1990s, and resulted in the demise of the Southwest Conference, which was a member of the Bowl Coalition and at times considered equal to some of the Power Five conferences; as well as many schools giving up independent status to join conferences. In the early 1990s, Arkansas left the Southwest Conference for the SEC; the original Big East Conference began sponsoring football, with eight former football independents joining either for all sports or football only; and other major independents such as Florida State (to the ACC), Penn State (to the Big Ten), and South Carolina (to the SEC) joined major conferences. In the 1996 NCAA conference realignment, the SWC dissolved, and four Texas teams from that conference joined with the Big 8 schools to form the Big 12 Conference.

During another phase of realignment in 2005, three schools (Boston College, Miami-FL and Virginia Tech) jumped from the Big East to the ACC, and Temple also left the conference (before eventually returning in 2013). The Big East responded by adding former basketball-only member Connecticut and three schools from C-USA.^[11]

College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American) and a new Big East Conference that does not sponsor football (only three of its 10 members sponsor football, all at the second-tier Division I FCS level). The American, the football successor to the Big East, is no longer considered a power conference. Despite the major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, relatively few schools dropped out of or joined the ranks of the power conferences. Two of the three non-AQ schools that had appeared in multiple BCS bowls left the Mountain West Conference and joined a power conference, as Utah joined the Pac-12 and TCU joined the Big 12. Former Big East members Connecticut, Temple, Cincinnati, and South Florida are all now part of The American; of those, only Temple was a founding member of the Big East in football.^[11]

At present, six of the nine former members of the Southwest Conference are in Power Five conferences: Arkansas and Texas A&M are members of the SEC, while TCU, Baylor, Texas and Texas Tech are members of the Big 12. Houston and SMU are members of the American, while Rice is a member of Conference USA.

Under the BCS system

From 1998 to 2013, the top teams in Division I FBS played in the BCS. It consisted of four or five bowl games, with a national championship game either rotating among the bowl sites (prior to the 2006 season) or played as a separate game. The BCS succeeded two other systems that were put in place after the 1991 season in order to ensure that one national champion could be crowned at the end of the season. The original Bowl Coalition consisted of the SEC, the Big Eight Conference (later succeeded by the Big 12), the Southwest Conference (SWC), the ACC, the Big East, and Notre Dame. The BCS added the Pac-10 (now known as the Pac-12) and the Big Ten, while the SWC dissolved in 1996. In 2013, the Big East split into two conferences, and its successor, the American Athletic Conference (The American), took the Big East's place for the 2013 season.

In addition to creating a national championship game, the BCS also created a set format for other major bowls. After the two top teams in the BCS rankings were matched up in the BCS National Championship Game, the other three or (after the 2005 season) four bowls selected other top teams. The term "BCS conference" was used by many fans to refer to one of the six conferences whose champions received an automatic berth in one of the five BCS bowl games, although the BCS itself used the term "automatic qualifying conference" (AQ conference).^[12] While the number of AQ conferences was technically variable,^[13] the BCS always had six AQ conferences since its inception in 1998. The Mountain West Conference (MW) was perhaps the closest of the other conferences to getting AQ status, but its request for AQ status was denied in 2012.^[14] Each of the bowls had a historic link with one or more of the six BCS conferences with the exception of the former Big East, and the bowl games selected a team from each of these conferences if it was eligible for a BCS bowl and not playing in the national title game. The conferences included in this group, with their traditional bowl links, were:

• Big East Conference (The American in 2013) (not tied to any specific BCS bowl)
• Atlantic Coast Conference (Orange Bowl)
• Big 12 Conference (Fiesta Bowl)
• Big Ten Conference (Rose Bowl)
• Pac-12 Conference (Rose Bowl)
• Southeastern Conference (Sugar Bowl)

The other five conferences (listed below) were non-AQ conferences because they did not receive an annual automatic bid to a BCS bowl game. The highest ranked champion of any non-AQ conference received an AQ bid if they ranked in the top 12 of the final BCS poll or ranked in the top 16 and higher than a champion of an AQ conference.^[18]

The conferences in this group were:^[19]

• Conference USA (C-USA)
• Mid-American Conference (MAC)
• Mountain West Conference (MW)
• Sun Belt Conference
• Western Athletic Conference (WAC) – dropped football after the 2012 season, following a near-complete membership turnover that saw the league stripped of all but two of its football-sponsoring schools

Ten "non-AQ" teams appeared in the nine following BCS games, with an overall record of 5-3:

• 2005 Fiesta Bowl: Utah (MW) 35, Pittsburgh 7
• 2007 Fiesta Bowl: Boise State (WAC) 43, Oklahoma 42 (OT)
• 2008 Sugar Bowl: Georgia 41, Hawai{{okina}}i (WAC) 10
• 2009 Sugar Bowl: Utah (MW) 31, Alabama 17
• 2010 Fiesta Bowl: Boise State (WAC) 17, TCU (MW) 10
• 2011 Rose Bowl: TCU (MW) 21, Wisconsin 19
• 2013 Orange Bowl: Florida State 31, Northern Illinois (MAC) 10

Of these appearances, all were via automatic qualifying bids, except Boise State's participation in the highly controversial 2010 Fiesta Bowl in which the Broncos were selected via at-large bid and played fellow BCS Buster TCU.

BCS and CFP Bowl Game appearances by conference

The following table lists the number of times that a member of each conference appeared in a CFP bowl game or a BCS bowl game. From 1999 to 2006 there were four such games, from 2007 to 2014 there were five such games, and starting in 2015 there are six CFP bowl games (not including the national championship game). A * indicates a team from that conference won the national championship, while a ^ indicates a team from that conference played in the national championship game.

Statistics for the American Athletic Conference include those from the original Big East Conference.

Other sports

The Power Five conferences sponsor other sports in addition to football.

Numbers in italics denote special exceptions:

Football:

• ACC: Notre Dame is an independent and not an ACC member in the sport.

Men's Soccer:

• Big 12: The only conference member that sponsors men's soccer, West Virginia, plays in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
• Pac-12: Five of the conference's 12 full members sponsor men's soccer. They are joined by single-sport member San Diego State, otherwise a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW).
• SEC: Only two members, Kentucky and South Carolina, sponsor soccer for men. Both house these teams in Conference USA.

Men's Ice Hockey:

• ACC: Boston College plays in Hockey East. Notre Dame plays in the Big Ten Conference, but their membership is listed in italics as belonging to the ACC, their home conference for other sports.
• Big Ten: The count of six Big Ten schools includes only full conference members. Notre Dame is listed in its home conference of the ACC.
• Pac-12: The only conference member with a men's (or women's) ice hockey program, Arizona State, competes as an independent.

Men's Lacrosse:

• Big Ten: Five of the 14 full members sponsor men's lacrosse. A sixth team, Johns Hopkins, is a Division III member, but plays both men's and women's lacrosse in Division I and the Big Ten. It is also one of five D-III schools specifically allowed by the NCAA to offer scholarships in its Division I sports.
• Pac-12: Utah became the first Pac-12 school, and also the first Division I school west of the Continental Divide, to sponsor men's lacrosse as a varsity sport, launching its team in the 2018–19 school year (2019 season). The school has yet to announce a conference affiliation in that sport.

Wrestling:

• Big 12: Four of the 10 full members sponsor wrestling. They are joined by eight single-sport associates—Air Force, Fresno State, and Wyoming (all MW); North Dakota State and South Dakota State (both in the Summit League); Northern Colorado (in the Big Sky Conference); Northern Iowa (in the Missouri Valley Conference); and Utah Valley (in the Western Athletic Conference, or WAC).
• Pac-12: Three full members sponsor wrestling. They are joined by single-sport members Cal Poly and CSU Bakersfield, which are respectively full members of the Big West Conference and WAC.
• SEC: Missouri, the only SEC school to sponsor the sport, competes in the MAC.

Men's Volleyball: Only 22 Division I members sponsor varsity men's volleyball, with a large majority being mid-major programs. In fact, D-I men's volleyball schools are outnumbered by Division II schools; members of both divisions compete under identical scholarship limits for a single national championship. Before 2012, this championship was also open to Division III schools, but explosive growth in the sport at that level in the 21st century has seen the creation of a separate D-III championship. The only D-I all-sports league to sponsor the sport is the mid-major Big West Conference. With that in mind, the five Power Five schools with men's volleyball programs are aligned as follows:

• Big Ten: Ohio State and Penn State both play in single-sport leagues, respectively in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association and Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association.
• Pac-12: All three members with men's volleyball programs—Stanford, UCLA, and USC—compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF).

Men's Water Polo: Only 25 Division I members sponsor varsity men's water polo. As with men's volleyball, a large majority of the D-I schools that sponsor the sport are mid-major programs. The NCAA conducts a single national championship open to all member schools, regardless of division.

• Pac-12: The only Power Five schools that sponsor the sport are the California members of the Pac-12—California, Stanford, UCLA, and USC. All compete in the MPSF.

Beach Volleyball:

A women-only sport at the NCAA level, beach volleyball is sponsored by only one Power Five conference, namely the Pac-12. Nine of that conference's schools sponsor the sport (with the exceptions being Colorado, Oregon State, and Washington State). Other Power Five schools that sponsor the sport are aligned as follows:

• ACC: Florida State competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA), a league that only sponsors beach volleyball plus men's and women's swimming & diving.
• Big Ten: Nebraska competes as an independent.
• Big 12: TCU launched a new varsity beach volleyball program for the 2018–19 school year (2019 season), which competes in the CCSA.
• SEC: LSU and South Carolina compete in the CCSA. Mississippi State has been approved by the NCAA to compete, but has yet to do so.

Women's Field Hockey:

• Pac-12: The two Pac-12 members that sponsor field hockey, California and Stanford, play in the America East Conference.

Women's Ice Hockey:

• ACC: Boston College plays alongside its men's team in Hockey East. Syracuse plays in College Hockey America (CHA), a league that sponsors only women's ice hockey.
• Big Ten: Four Big Ten members sponsor women's ice hockey. Minnesota, Ohio State, and Wisconsin play in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association, while Penn State plays in CHA.

Women's Lacrosse:

• Big Ten: Six of the 14 full members sponsor women's lacrosse. Johns Hopkins, as noted previously, is a Division III school that plays in Division I.
• SEC: Only two members, Florida and Vanderbilt, sponsor the sport. Both compete in the American Athletic Conference.

Women's Rowing:

• Big 12: Five of the 10 full members sponsor women's rowing. They are joined by Alabama and Tennessee, the only two SEC schools to sponsor the sport. These schools are listed in italics as part of the SEC.
• SEC: See Big 12 above.

Women's Water Polo: Only 33 Division I members sponsor varsity women's water polo. As with men's water polo, a large majority of the D-I schools that sponsor the sport are mid-major programs. The NCAA conducts a single national championship open to all member schools, regardless of division.

• Big Ten: The only two Big Ten schools that sponsor the sport, Indiana and Michigan, respectively compete in the MPSF and the varsity division of the Collegiate Water Polo Association.
• Pac-12: Five Pac-12 schools—the four California members, plus Arizona State—compete in the MPSF.

See also

• Superconference

References

Notes

• California HealthCare Foundation
• California Healthcare System
• California hedgenettle
• California high school basketball championship
• California Highways and Public Works
• California (Hiram Powers)
• California Historical Landmarks in Alameda County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Alpine County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Amador County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Butte County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Calaveras County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Colusa County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Contra Costa County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Del Norte County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in El Dorado County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Fresno County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Glenn County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Humboldt County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Imperial County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Inyo County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Kern County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Kings County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Lake County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Lassen County, California
• California Historical Landmarks in Los Angeles County, California