| 词条 | Prasinophyceae |
| 释义 |
| image = Pyramimonas sp color.jpg | image_caption = Pyramimonas sp. | regnum = Viridiplantae | divisio = Chlorophyta | classis = Prasinophyceae | classis_authority = T.Christensen ex P.C.Silva 1980 | subdivision_ranks = Orders[1] | subdivision =
}} The Prasinophytes (incl. Tetraphytina) or chlorophyta are a class of unicellular green algae.[2] Prasinophytes mainly include marine planktonic species, as well as some freshwater representatives.[2][3] The prasinophytes are morphologically diverse, including flagellates with one to eight flagella and non-motile (coccoid) unicells. The cells of many species are covered with organic body scales; others are naked.[3] Well studied genera include Ostreococcus, considered to be the smallest (ca. 0.95 μm) free-living eukaryote,[4] and Micromonas, both of which are found in marine waters worldwide. Prasinophytes have simple cellular structures, containing a single chloroplast and a single mitochondrion. The genomes are relatively small compared to other eukaryotes (about 12 Mbp for Ostreococcus[5][6] and 21 Mbp for Micromonas[7]). Some authors treat the prasinophytes as a non-evolutionary grouping (paraphyletic) of green algae from different clades. As the Tetraphytina emerged in the Prasinophytes, recently authors include it, rendering it monophyletic, and equivalent to chlorophyta.[8][9] EcologyA study of photosynthetic gene-sequence diversity (rbcL) in the Gulf of Mexico indicated that Prasinophytes are particularly prevalent at the Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum (SCM)[10] and several different ecotypes of Ostreococcus have been detected in the environment.[11] These ecotypes were thought to be distinguished in the environment by their adaptation to light intensities. O. lucimarinus was isolated from a high-light environment[12] and observed year-round in the coastal North Pacific Ocean.[13] RCC141 was considered low-light, because it was isolated from the lower euphotic zone. These strains, or ecotypes, were later shown to live in different habitats (open-ocean or mesotrophic) and their distributions do not appear to be connected to light availability.[14] O. tauri was isolated from a coastal lagoon and appears to be light-polyvalent. Genetic data indicates that distinct molecular differences exist between the different ecotypes that have been detected.[15] Prasinophytes are subject to infection by large double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the genus Prasinovirus in the family Phycodnaviridae,[16][17][18] as well as a Reovirus.[19] It has been estimated that from 2 to 10% of the Micromonas pusilla population is lysed per day by viruses.[20] PhylogenyRecent studies agree that the prasinophytes are not a natural group, being highly paraphyletic.[3][21][22][23] Relationships among the groups making up the Chlorophyta are not fully resolved. The cladogram produced by Leliaert et al. 2011[3] and some modification according to Silar 2016,[24] Leliaert 2016[25] and Lopes dos Santos et al. 2017[26] is shown below. The blue shaded groups are or have traditionally been placed in the Prasinophyceae[2]). The species Mesostigma viride has been shown to be a member of the Streptophyta or basal Green algae. The others are member of the Chlorophyta. {{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%|label1=Green Algae |1={{clade |label1=Chlorophyta/ |sublabel1=Prasinophyta |1={{clade |label1=Palmophyllophyceae |1={{clade |1=Prasinococcales ("prasinophyte clade VI") |2=Palmophyllales |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Pyramimonadophyceae ("prasinophyte clade I") |label2=Mamiellophyceae |sublabel2=("prasinophyte clade II") |2={{clade |1=Monomastigales |2={{clade |1=Dolichomastigales |2=Mamiellales }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=Nephroselmidophyceae |1=Nephroselmidales ("prasinophyte clade III") |2={{clade |1=?Pycnococcaceae ("prasinophyte clade V") |2=Picocystophyceae ("prasinophyte clade VII C") |3={{clade |1=Chloropicophyceae ("prasinophyte clade VII A/B") |label2=Tetraphytina |2={{clade |1=Pedinophyceae |label2=Chlorophytina |2={{clade |1=Chlorodendrophyceae ("prasinophyte clade IV") |2={{clade |1=Trebouxiophyceae |2={{clade |1=Ulvophyceae |2=Chlorophyceae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |label2=Streptophyta |2={{clade |1={{Clade |1=Chlorokybophyceae |2=Mesostigmatophyceae |2={{clade |1=Klebsormidiophyceae |2={{clade |1=Charophyceae |2={{clade |1=Zygnematophyceae |2=Coleochaetophyceae |3=Land plants }} }} }} }} }} }} References1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=4345 | publisher = AlgaeBase version 4.2 Worldwide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway | access-date = 2007-09-23 | title = Class: Prasinophyceae taxonomy browser |author1=Guiry, M.D. |author2=Guiry, G.M. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2007 }} 2. ^1 2 Sym, S. D. and Pienaar, R. N. 1993. The class Prasinophyceae. In Round, F. E. and Chapman, D. J. (eds) Progress in Phycological Research, Vol. 9. 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Phylogeny and classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses of complete nuclear and plastid-encoded rRNA operons | journal = Protist | volume = 163 | issue = 5 | pages = 778–805 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22192529 | doi = 10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.004 }} 24. ^{{citation|title=Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes|date=2016|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01263138|author=Silar, Philippe|journal=HAL Archives-ouvertes|volume=|issue=|pages=1–462|doi=}} 25. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Leliaert F, Tronholm A, Lemieux C, Turmel M, DePriest MS, Bhattacharya D, Karol KG, Fredericq S, Zechman FW, Lopez-Bautista JM | title = Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 25367 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27157793 | pmc = 4860620 | doi = 10.1038/srep25367 }} 26. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Lopes Dos Santos A, Pollina T, Gourvil P, Corre E, Marie D, Garrido JL, Rodríguez F, Noël MH, Vaulot D, Eikrem W | title = Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 14019 | date = October 2017 | pmid = 29070840 | pmc = 5656628 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-017-12412-5 }} External links{{Wikispecies|Prasinophyceae}}{{Commons|Prasinophyceae}}{{plankton}}{{Plant classification}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q134915}} 3 : Green algae classes|Prasinophyceae|Historically recognized alga taxa |
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