| 词条 | President of Myanmar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|post = President |body = the Republic of the Union of Myanmar |native_name = {{my|ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် သမ္မတ}} |flag = |flagcaption = |insignia = State seal of Myanmar.svg |insigniasize = 100px |insigniacaption = State seal of Myanmar |image = File:Win Myint NLD.jpg |imagesize = 200px |incumbent = Win Myint |incumbentsince = 30 March 2018 |style = His excellency (For international correspondence) |nominator = Assembly of the Union |nominatorpost = |appointer = Presidential Electoral College |appointerpost = |termlength = Five years, renewable once | constituting_instrument = Constitution of Myanmar | member_of = CabinetNational Defence and Security Council | reports_to = | residence = Presidential Palace | seat = Naypyidaw |formation = 4 January 1948 |deputy = Vice President of Myanmar |inaugural = Sao Shwe Thaik |website = {{url|www.president-office.gov.mm}} }}{{Contains Burmese text}} {{Politics of Myanmar}}The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the head of state and head of government of Myanmar and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Myanmar. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential Electoral College, a three committee body, elects the president.[1] Each of the three committees, made up of Amyotha Hluttaw, Pyithu Hluttaw members of parliament, or military-appointed lawmakers, nominates a candidate for presidency.[1] The candidate with the highest number of votes from the Electoral College is elected president, while the two other candidates become vice-presidents.[1] The most recent incumbent president was Htin Kyaw, who held the post from 30 March 2016 to 21 March 2018. While he was the de jure head of state and the government, the de facto head of government and the dominant state figure is the State Counsellor of Myanmar and leader of the ruling National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi. QualificationsAccording to the Constitution of Myanmar, the president:
Moreover, upon taking oath in office, the president is constitutionally forbidden from taking part in any political party activities (Chapter III, 64). Election processThe president is not directly elected by Burmese voters; instead, he is indirectly elected by the Presidential Electoral College ({{my|သမ္မတရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့}}), an electoral body made of three separate committees. One committee is composed of MPs who represent the proportions of MPs elected from each Region or State; another is composed of MPs who represent the proportions of MPs elected from each township population; the third is of military-appointed MPs personally nominated by the Defence Services' Commander-in-Chief. Each of the three committees nominates a presidential candidate. Afterward, all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw MPs vote for one of three candidates—the candidate with the highest number of votes is elected president, while the other two are elected as vice-presidents. This process is similar to the one prescribed by the 1947 Constitution, in which MPs from the Parliament's Chamber of Nationalities and Chamber of Deputies elected the President by secret ballot.[2] The President was then responsible for appointing a Prime Minister (on the advice of the Chamber of Deputies), who was constitutionally recognised as the head of government and led the Cabinet. HistoryPrior to 1863, different regions of modern-day Burma were governed separately. From 1862 to 1923, the colonial administration, housed in Rangoon's Secretariat building, was headed by a Chief Commissioner (1862–1897) or a Lieutenant-Governor (1897–1923), who headed the administration, underneath the Governor-General of India.[3] From 31 January 1862 to 1 May 1897, British Burma was headed by a Chief Commissioner. The subsequent expansion of British Burma, with the acquisitions of Upper Burma and the Shan States throughout this period increased the demands of the position, and led to an upgrade in the colonial leadership and an expansion of government (Burma was accorded a separate government and legislative council in 1897).[4] Consequently, from 1 May 1897 to 2 January 1923, the province was led by a Lieutenant Governor. In 1937, Burma was formally separated from British India and began to be administered as a separate British colony, with a fully elected bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. From 2 January 1923 to 4 January 1948, British Burma was led by a Governor, who led the cabinet and was responsible for the colony's defence, foreign relations, finance, and ethnic regions (Frontier Areas and Shan States). From 1 January 1944 to 31 August 1946, a British Military Governor governed the colony. During the Japanese occupation of Burma from 1942 to 1945, a Japanese military commander headed the government, while the British-appointed Governor headed the colony in exile. Burma became independent in 1948. There was a President from 1948 to 1962, and then 1974 and 1988. Between 1962 and 1974 and between 1988 and 2011, Burma was headed by military regimes. The office of the President was restored in 2011. List of Presidents (2011–present){{main|List of Presidents of Myanmar}}
Latest election{{main|Myanmar general election, 2015}}On 15 March 2016, the Assembly of the Union elected Htin Kyaw as the 9th President of Myanmar. He resigned on 21 March 2018 and Myint Swe became acting president. On 28 March 2018, the Assembly of the Union elected Win Myint as the 10th President of Myanmar. See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/01/31/idINIndia-54526820110131?pageNumber=1|title=FACTBOX - Myanmar's new political structure|date=31 January 2011|work=Reuters|accessdate=21 August 2011}} {{Heads of state of Burma (Myanmar)}}{{Government of Burma}}{{Burma (Myanmar) topics}}{{Southeast Asian leaders}}{{DEFAULTSORT:President Of Burma}}2. ^The Constitution of the Union of Burma (1947), Chapter V: The President 3. ^{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Robert H.|title=The State in Myanmar|publisher=NUS Press|year=2009|pages=75–76|isbn=978-9971-69-466-1}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Nisbet|first=John|title=Burma under British rule--and before|publisher=A. Constable & Co., ltd.|year=1901|volume=1|pages=220–221}} 2 : Government of Myanmar|Presidents of Myanmar |
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