| 词条 | Acharya |
| 释义 |
In Indian religions and society, an acharya (IAST: {{IAST|ācārya}}) is a preceptor or instructor in religious matters; founder, or leader of a sect; or a highly learned person or a title affixed to the names of learned people.[1] The designation has different meanings in Hinduism, Buddhism and secular contexts. Acharya is sometimes used to address a teacher or a scholar in any discipline, e.g.: Bhaskaracharya, the mathematician. EtymologyThe term "acharya" is most often said to include the root "char" or "charya" (conduct). Thus it literally connotes "one who teaches by conduct (example)", i.e. an exemplar.{{cn|date=March 2015}} In HinduismIn Hinduism, an acharya (आचार्य) is a formal title of a teacher or guru, who has attained a degree in Veda and Vedanga.[2]{{full|date=October 2018}} Prominent acharyas in the Hindu tradition are as given below :
BuddhismIn Buddhism, acharya is a senior teacher. Notable acharyas:
In Jainism{{main|Acharya (Jainism)}}In Jainism, an acharya is the highest leader of a Jain order. Acharya is one of the Pañca-Parameṣṭhi (five supreme beings) and thus worthy of worship. They are the final authority in the monastic order and has the authority to ordain new monks and nuns. They are also authorized to consecrate new idols, although this authority is sometimes delegated to scholars designated by them. An acharya, like any other Jain monk, is expected to wander except for the Chaturmas. Bhaṭṭārakas, who head institutions, are technically junior monks, and thus permitted to stay in the same place. In scientific/mathematical scholarship
Acharya (degree)In Sanskrit institutions, acharya is a post-graduate degree.[8] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Platts|first=John T.|title=A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English|publisher=W. H. Allen & Co.|location=London|year=1884|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:1246.platts}}{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2. ^{{cite book|title=History of Education in India|page=35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqtAAgS3NSEC&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q&f=false|author1=Ram Nath Sharma|author2=Rajendra Kumar Sharma|year=1996|publisher=Atlantic}} 3. ^[viswakarma community] Although famous for being the proponent of advaita vad, he established the supremecy of bhakti to Krishn. 4. ^He propagated the bhakti of Bhagwan Vishnu. Source: Ramanujacharya {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826200921/http://www.jagatguru.in/ramanuj.htm |date=26 August 2007 }} 5. ^His philosophy is called dvaita vad. His primary teaching is that "the only goal of a soul is to selflessly and wholeheartedly love and surrender to God" Source: 6. ^His writings say that Radha Krishn are the supreme form of God. 7. ^{{cite web |title=Ani Pema Chödrön |work=Gampo Abbey |url=http://www.gampoabbey.org/pema-bio.php |accessdate=2014-10-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324235412/http://www.gampoabbey.org/pema-bio.php |archivedate=24 March 2013 }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/33943525/?formInput=acharya%20degree%20equivalent%20to|title=Nandan Mishra vs University Of Delhi & Ors on 12 May, 2015|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2017-09-18}} External links
9 : Jain ascetics|Buddhist acharyas|Titles and occupations in Hinduism|Hindu philosophical concepts|Buddhist titles|Swaminarayan sect of Hinduism|Titles in India|History of education in India|Jain religious occupations |
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