词条 | Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony |
释义 |
| title = Co-Regent of the Electorate of Saxony Prince of Saxony | name = Franz Xavier | full name = Franz Xavier Albert August Ludwig Benno | image = Franciszek Ksawery Wettin.jpeg | image_size = 230px | succession = | reign = 17 December 1763 – 23 December 1768 | coronation = | predecessor = | successor = | heir = | spouse = Maria Chiara Spinucci | issue = Ludwig, Graf von der Lausitz Clara Maria, Gräfin von der Lausitz Joseph Xavier, Graf von der Lausitz Elisabeth Ursula, Duchesse d'Esclignac Maria Anna, Princess of Oriolo Beatrix Marie, Marchesa di Corleto Kunigunde Anna, Marchesa Naro Montoro Maria Christina Sabina, Princess of Arsoli stillborn son Cecilie Marie, Gräfin von der Lausitz | house = House of Wettin | royal anthem = | father = Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony | mother = Maria Josepha of Austria | birth_date = {{birth date|1730|8|25|df=y}} | birth_place = Dresden | death_date = {{death date and age|1806|6|21|1730|8|25|df=y}} | death_place = Dresden | burial_place = Katholische Hofkirche | religion = Roman Catholicism }} Franz Xavier of Saxony (b. Dresden, 25 August 1730 – d. Dresden, 21 June 1806) was a German prince and member of the House of Wettin. He was the fourth but second surviving son of Augustus III, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, and Maria Josepha of Austria. LifeRegent of SaxonyHis older brother, the Elector Frederick Christian, died on 17 December 1763 after a reign of only 74 days. Franz Xavier took over the regency of the Electorate together with his sister-in-law, the Dowager Electress Maria Antonia of Bavaria, on behalf of his infant nephew, the new Elector Frederick Augustus III. As co-regent, Franz Xavier continued the rationalistic reforms of his brother. In October 1765, Franz Xavier performed in the name of the young Elector a formal renunciation of the Polish Crown in favor of Stanislaus Poniatowski, as was required by the treaty signed between Prussia and Russia on 11 April 1764. This was done against the wishes of the boy's mother, the Dowager Electress Maria Antonia. During the regency, Franz Xavier attempted to introduce a plan of army reform based upon the Prussian model of Frederick the Great. This brought him into conflict with the estates of the country, who violently refused to implement his proposal because of the high expense associated with his reorganization plan. According to the regulations imposed by the Golden Bull of 1356, the regency of an underage Elector ended when he reached his eighteenth birthday. As a result, in 1768, the Elector Frederick Augustus III was formally proclaimed an adult, and Franz Xavier ended his functions as the regent of the Electorate of Saxony. Secret Marriage, Exile and Return to SaxonyIn Dresden on 9 March 1765 Franz Xavier married morganatically an Italian lady-in-waiting to his sister-in-law, the Dowager Electress, the contessa Maria Chiara Spinucci. The union was kept secret until 1777 when it was formally announced and legitimized. In 1769, Franz Xavier moved his family to France, the home of his younger sister, the Dauphine Marie-Josèphe, who had died two years earlier. He lived in France for almost twenty years under the assumed title of Count of Lusatia (fr: Comte de Lusace, de: Graf von der Lausitz). In 1774, his nephew, Louis XVI, became the king of the country. Franz Xavier and his family chose to flee France at the beginning of the French Revolution. They moved to Rome; while in Rome, the Prince sat for a bust by Domenico Cardelli. [1] After the death of his wife in 1792, he remained in Rome for some years. Eventually, though, he returned to Saxony and settled into Schloss Zabeltitz. Franz Xavier lived there until his death, aged seventy-five. IssueDuring their marriage, Franz Xavier and Maria Chiara had ten children —known as counts and countesses of Lusatia (de: Graf/Gräfin von der Lausitz) — but only six survived to adulthood:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=[2] |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Franz Xavier of Saxony |2= 2. Augustus III of Poland |3= 3. Maria Josepha of Austria |4= 4. Augustus II of Poland |5= 5. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |6= 6. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |7= 7. Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick |8= 8. John George III, Elector of Saxony |9= 9. Anne Sophie of Denmark |10= 10. Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |11= 11. Sofie Luise of Württemberg |12= 12. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |13= 13. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg |14= 14. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |15= 15. Benedicta-Henrietta of Simmern |16= 16. John George II, Elector of Saxony |17= 17. Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |18= 18. Frederick III of Denmark |19= 19. Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg |20= 20. Erdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |21= 21. Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach |22= 22. Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg |23= 23. Anna Katharina of Salm-Kyrburg |24= 24. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor |25= 25. Maria Anna of Spain |26= 26. Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine |27= 27. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |28= 28. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |29= 29. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt |30= 30. Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern |31= 31. Anna Gonzaga }} References1. ^{{cite web|title=BUST OF PRINCE FRANCIS XAVIER OF SAXONY (1730-1806)|url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/european-sculpture-works-art-l14231/lot.143.html|publisher=Sothebys}} {{Commons category|Franz Xavier of Saxony}}{{Princes of Saxony}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Franz Xavier Of Saxony}}2. ^{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA100|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=100}} 7 : Polish Prince Royals|1730 births|1806 deaths|House of Wettin|People from Dresden|Regents of Saxony|Burials at Katholische Hofkirche |
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