| 词条 | Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel |
| 释义 |
| name = Prince Frederick William | title = Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | image = FridrichGessenKassel.jpg | birth_date= {{Birth date|1820|11|26|df=y}} | death_date= {{Death date and age|1884|10|14|1820|11|26|df=y}} | house = Hesse-Kassel | father = William, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | mother = Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark | spouse = {{marriage|Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia|28 January 1844|10 August 1844|end=d.}} {{marriage|Princess Anna of Prussia|26 May 1853}} | issue = Prince William Prince Frederick William III Elisabeth, Hereditary Princess of Anhalt Prince Alexander Frederick Prince Frederick Charles Princess Marie-Polyxene Princess Sybille }}Frederick William George Adolphus, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel ({{lang-de|Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf von Hessen-Kassel}}; 25 November 1820 – 14 October 1884) was the only son of Wilhelm I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim and Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark.[1] Early life and marriagesHe was born in Copenhagen, moved to Denmark at the age of three, and grew up there. He attended the university in Bonn, and then began a military career. In 1843 he was third in line for the Danish throne after the King's son and brother, Prince Ferdinand.[2] On 28 January 1844, Frederick married Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia at St Petersburg. Frederick had come to St Petersburg as a prospective bridegroom for her sister Olga, but fell in love with Alexandra instead on the first evening he spent with the family. Although Olga was the elder daughter and also found Frederick to be an engaging young man, she stepped aside in favour of her sister, and even chaperoned the couple when they wanted to spend time together. The emperor and empress then gave their permission for Alexandra and Frederick to be married. Alexandra became acutely ill with tuberculosis shortly before her wedding, and this complicated the pregnancy which soon followed. She was never well enough to travel to Hesse and take up her new position with her husband. They stayed in St. Petersburg, where her health rapidly declined. She went into labor prematurely, three months before the child was due, and gave birth to a son, Wilhelm. The infant died shortly after he was born, and Alexandra died later the same day. Her parents were devastated and their grief would last until the end of their lives. She was buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. The son was buried in Rumpenheim, now a borough of Offenbach am Main, Germany.[3] In 1849 Frederick William joined HMS Cleopatra to train as a midshipman. The Cleopatra was reassigned to Singapore to take the place of HMS Maeander.[4] She arrived in Singapore from Devonport via Rio de Janeiro under Captain Massie on 14 September 1849 and left with HMS Reynard for Labuan and China on 10 October. The Singapore paper mistakenly described the Prince as the son of the Danish king but the king had no sons, he was an heir to the throne.[5][6] On 26 May 26, 1853, Frederick married Alexandra's first cousin, Princess Anna of Prussia (1836–1918), at Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin. Although they had six children together, Frederick and Anna were never emotionally close, and it is speculated that one reason was because Fritz was unable to overcome his grief for his first wife. ChildrenHis first wife was Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (1825–1844), daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia.[1] Alexandra died in childbirth, delivering a son who was born three months prematurely, and who died on the day of his birth:
His second wife was Princess Anna of Prussia (1836–1918), the youngest daughter of Prince Charles of Prussia and Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.[1] They had six children:
Elector of HesseHe is important dynastically as a candidate for both the headship of the Hesse-Kassel dynasty (through his father) and for the Danish throne (through his mother). When Frederick William, deposed Elector of Hesse died in 1875, his sons were excluded from succession, because of his morganatic marriage. Therefore, Frederick succeeded him as titular Elector of Hesse. Frederick William died on 14 October 1884 at Hamburg.[1] Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel |2= 2. Landgrave William of Hesse-Cassel |3= 3. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark |4= 4. Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Cassel |5= 5. Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen |6= 6. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway |7= 7. Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |8= 8. Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel |9= 9. Princess Mary of Great Britain |10= 10. Charles William, Prince of Nassau-Usingen |11= 11. Countess Caroline Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg |12= 12. Frederick V of Denmark |13= 13. Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |14= 14. Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |15= 15. Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |16= 16. William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel |17= 17. Duchess Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz |18= 18. George II of Great Britain |19= 19. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach |20= 20. Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen |21= 21. Duchess Christiane Wilhelmine of Saxe-Eisenach |22= 22. Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim |23= 23. Countess Katharina Polyxene of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim |24= 24. Christian VI of Denmark |25= 25. Margravine Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |26= 26. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |27= 27. Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |28= 28. Christian Ludwig II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |29= 29. Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |30= 30. Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |31= 31. Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt }}{{Princes and Landgraves of Hesse}}{{s-start}}{{s-pre}} |-{{s-bef|before=Frederick William I}}{{s-tul|title=Elector of Hesse|years=1875–1884}}{{s-aft|after=Frederick William III}}{{end}} References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=Deaths of note |work=The Ipswich Journal |date=21 October 1884 |accessdate=22 June 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000071/18841021/020/0004| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=Russia and Denmark |work=Waterford Chronicle |date=2 December 1843 |page= 8|accessdate=22 June 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000860/18431202/078/0008| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=From the London Gazette - Friday 30 August |work=London Standard |date=31 August 1844 |page= 1|accessdate=22 June 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000860/18431202/078/0008| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 4. ^Reports & C, The Straits Times, 28 August 1849, Page 9 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/singfreepressa18491106.2.7.aspx |title=Shipping News |newspaper=The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser|publisher=Newspapers.nl.sg |date=6 November 1849|page=3 |accessdate=2012-11-15}} 6. ^The Straits Times, 16 October 1849, Page 3 7. ^{{cite news |title=Untitled |work=Western Daily Press |date=18 February 1884 |page = 3 |accessdate=22 June 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/18840218/012/0003| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} External links{{commonscatinline|Frederick William, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Prince Frederick William 02 of Hesse-Kassel}} 3 : 1820 births|1884 deaths|House of Hesse-Kassel |
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