| 词条 | Prince Maurice of Battenberg |
| 释义 |
| name = Prince Maurice of Battenberg | image = 1891 Maurice-04.JPG | caption = | full name = Maurice Victor Donald | house = Battenberg | house-type = Family | father = Prince Henry of Battenberg | mother = Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom | birth_date = 3 October 1891 | birth_place = Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|10|27|1891|10|3|df=yes}} | death_place =Zonnebeke, Belgium | burial_place = Ypres, Belgium | occupation = Military (King's Royal Rifle Corps) }} Prince Maurice of Battenberg, KCVO, (Maurice Victor Donald; 3 October 1891 – 27 October 1914) was a member of the Hessian princely Battenberg family and the extended British Royal Family, the youngest grandchild of Queen Victoria. He was known as Prince Maurice of Battenberg throughout his life, since he died before the British Royal Family relinquished their German titles during World War I and the Battenbergs changed their name to Mountbatten. Early lifePrince Maurice was born on 3 October 1891. He was given the name Maurice after his father Prince Henry of Battenberg and the great-grandfather, Count Maurice von Hauke, Victor after his grandmother the Queen, and Donald in honour of Scotland, as he was born at Balmoral Castle. His father was Prince Henry of Battenberg, the son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and Julie Therese née Countess of Hauke. His mother was Princess Henry of Battenberg (née The Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom), the fifth daughter and the youngest child of Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort. As he was the child of a morganatic marriage, Prince Henry of Battenberg took his style of Prince of Battenberg from his mother, Countess Julia Hauke who was created Princess of Battenberg in her own right. As such, Maurice was styled as His Serene Highness Prince Maurice of Battenberg from birth. In the United Kingdom, he was styled His Highness Prince Maurice of Battenberg under a Royal Warrant passed by Queen Victoria in 1886.[1] He was baptised in the Drawing Room at Balmoral on 31 October 1891. His godparents were the Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn (represented by Queen Victoria), the Princess of Leiningen (represented by Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein), the Duke of Clarence and Avondale (represented by Sir Henry Ponsonby), Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg (represented by Sir Fleetwood Edwards) and the Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse.[2] The youngest of his four siblings, Maurice most resembled his father, who died when the Prince was only four, the same age his mother was when her own father died. He was his mother's favourite out of his brothers. He was educated at Lockers Park Prep School in Hertfordshire.[3] His elder sister Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, married Alfonso XIII of Spain and was Queen Consort of Spain between 1906 and 1931. Later lifeMaurice attended Wellington College and was a member of Benson House. Prince Maurice was made a Freemason in the Old Wellingtonian Lodge No. 3404 (the Lodge of the Old Wellingtonians) on 21 June 1912 and was installed Master of the Twelve Brothers Lodge, No. 785 Southampton on 22 April 1914.[4] The Prince served in World War I as a Lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps, and was killed in action at Zonnebeke,[5] in the Ypres Salient on 27 October 1914.[6] The 1st Battalion war diary states, "During the advance eastwards from the ridge the battalion came under terrific shell fire as well as rifle fire… Poor [Prince] Maurice was killed outright just on top of the ridge."[5] Word of the prince's death was passed to Brigadier-General Fanshawe, commander of the 6th Infantry Brigade. He in turn passed the news to 2nd Division Commander Major-General CC Munro. Munro spoke with the Brigadier at 23.30 before informing 1st Army Corp Commander Lieutenant-General Douglas Haig. Haig was sent the message that the prince "was killed by a shell whilst gallantly leading his company forward to attack across a ridge, east of Zonnebeke". Haig shared the news with GHQ at 7.00 the next morning. He said, "By the death of H.H. Prince Maurice of Battenberg the Army loses a most gallant and valuable officer. In peace and war he has done his duty to King and Country". The final word was sent to the War Office by Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force, "with deep regret".[5] His mother, Princess Beatrice, declined the offer of Lord Kitchener to have her son's body repatriated.[5] He is buried in Ypres Town Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery.[6] The battalion war diary notes that his funeral took place on 31 October 1914 and records that, "Denison, Gough, the Sgt Major, Sgt O'Leary and a few others went down to poor Maurice's funeral in Ypres".[5] The gravestone bears the following inscription: GRANT HIM WITH ALL THY FAITHFUL SERVANTS A PLACE OF REFRESHMENT AND PEACE.[6] A memorial tablet to him and his brother Leopold is in Winchester Cathedral.[7] Titles, styles, honours and armsTitles and styles
Honours
Ancestry{{Ahnentafel|align=center|collapsed=yes |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |1= 1. Prince Maurice of Battenberg |2= 2. Prince Henry of Battenberg |3= 3. Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom |4= 4. Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine |5= 5. Countess Julia Hauke |6= 6. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |7= 7. Victoria of the United Kingdom |8= 8. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine |9= 9. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden |10= 10. Count John Maurice Hauke |11= 11. Sophie Lafontaine |12= 12. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |13= 13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |14= 14. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn |15= 15. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld }} References1. ^{{London Gazette|issue=25655|date=14 December 1886 |page=6305}} 2. ^Queen Victoria's Journals - Saturday 31st October 1891 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hemeltoday.co.uk/news/artist-celebrates-old-boys-with-exhibition-1-1196058|title=Artist celebrates old boys with exhibition|publisher=Hemel Today|accessdate=30 July 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Lieutenant H.H. Prince Maurice Victor Donald of Battenberg, KCVO|url=https://www.masonicgreatwarproject.org.uk/legend.php?id=167|publisher=Masonic Great War Project|accessdate=1 November 2017|date=29 August 2016}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blog/death-prince/|title=Death of a Prince {{!}} The National Archives blog|last=Archives|first=The National|date=2014-10-27|work=The National Archives blog|access-date=2018-08-14|language=en-US}} 6. ^1 2 {{CWGC|id=446206|name=Battenberg, Prince Maurice Victor Donald|access-date=25 January 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/21964|title=PRINCE M V D BATTENBERG|work=War Memorials Register|publisher=Imperial War Museums|access-date=25 January 2018}} 8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=28505 |date=19 June 1911 |page=4595 |supp=y}}
External links
10 : 1891 births|1914 deaths|British Army personnel of World War I|British military personnel killed in World War I|Battenberg family|Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order|King's Royal Rifle Corps officers|People educated at Lockers Park School|People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire|Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England |
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