| 词条 | Pristimantis caryophyllaceus |
| 释义 |
| image = Pristimantis caryophyllaceus.jpg | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Pristimantis caryophyllaceus | authority = (Barbour, 1928) | synonyms = Eleutherodactylus caryophyllaceus (Barbour, 1928) }}Pristimantis caryophyllaceus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama; records from Colombia prior to 2010 refer to Pristimantis educatoris.[2] However, taxonomy of Pristimantis caryophyllaceus and P. educatoris remain unsettled, and many sources continue to report Pristimantis caryophyllaceus from Colombia.[1][3][4][5]Pristimantis caryophyllaceus is sometimes known as the La Loma robber frog,[1][2][4] after La Loma, its type locality on the trail between Chiriquicito and Boquete, in the Bocas del Toro Province of Panama.[2] DescriptionMales grow to {{convert|24|mm|abbr=on}} and females to {{convert|26|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. Tympanum is not clearly visible. Dorsal colouration is highly variable: yellow, pinkish, brownish, greyish, or dark green. There are always distinct darker spots on the dorsal surface, in some individuals extending into dark crossbars. The ventral surface is white, sometimes with some dark pigmentation.[4] ReproductionEggs are laid on leaves[1][4] or on the ground.[5] Females brood the eggs, covering them with their bodies.[1][4] Habitat and conservationThe species' natural habitats are primary lowland moist and wet forest, premontane wet forests, and rainforests. They occur in the leaf-litter and low vegetation,[1] and also in bromeliads.[5] They are nocturnal.[5] Pristimantis caryophyllaceus is threatened by habitat loss and possibly chytridiomycosis. It has disappeared from lowland areas of Costa Rica.[1]References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite journal | author = Pounds, J. | author2 = Bolaños, F. | author3 = Solís, F. | author4 = Ibáñez, R. | author5 = Chaves, G. | author6 = Savage, J. | author7 = Jaramillo, C. | author8 = Fuenmayor, Q. | author9 = Castro, F. | author10 = Grant, T. | display-authors = etal | title = Pristimantis caryophyllaceus | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T56497A11475825 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/56497/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T56497A11475825.en | access-date = 16 January 2018}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4456780}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pristimantis Caryophyllaceus}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Craugastoridae/Ceuthomantinae/Pristimantis/Pristimantis-caryophyllaceus |title=Pristimantis caryophyllaceus (Barbour, 1928) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=6 June 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.batrachia.com/orden-anura/craugastoridae/pristimantis-caryophyllaceus/ |title=Pristimantis caryophyllaceus (Barbour, 1928) |author=Acosta-Galvis, A.R. |year=2015 |work=Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.05.2015 |publisher=www.batrachia.com |accessdate=6 June 2015}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/amphibians/en/species/173 |title=Pristimantis caryophyllaceus |work=Amphibians of Panama |publisher=Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute |accessdate=6 June 2015}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://atta2.inbio.ac.cr/neoportal-web/species/Pristimantis%20caryophyllaceus |title=Pristimantis caryophyllaceus |author=Luis Humberto Elizondo C. |author2=Federico Bolaños V. |year=2011 |work=Biodiversidad de Costa Rica |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad |accessdate=6 June 2015}} 5 : Pristimantis|Amphibians of Costa Rica|Amphibians of Panama|Amphibians described in 1928|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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