| 词条 | Ecchymosis |
| 释义 |
| name = Ecchymosis | synonyms = | image = Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes).jpg | caption = Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis, also known as "raccoon eyes". (Bruising around the eyes on both sides.) | field = Dermatology | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|k|ᵻ|ˈ|m|oʊ|s|ᵻ|s}} e- + chym + -osis | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} An ecchymosis is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding with diameter larger than {{convert|1|cm}}. It is similar to (and sometimes indistinguishable from) a hematoma, commonly called a bruise, though the terms are not interchangeable in careful usage.[1] Specifically, bruises are caused by trauma whereas ecchymoses, which are the same as the spots of purpura except larger, are not necessarily caused by trauma,[2] often being caused by pathophysiologic cell function, and some diseases such as Marburg virus disease. A broader definition of ecchymosis[3][4] is the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the contused tissue. Signs and symptomsHematomas can be subdivided by size. By definition, ecchymoses are 1 centimetre in size or larger, and are therefore larger than petechiae (less than 2 millimetres in diameter) or purpura (2 millimetres to 1 centimetre in diameter).[5] Ecchymoses also have a more diffuse border than other purpura.[6] CauseThere are many causes of subcutaneous hematomas including ecchymoses. Coagulopathies such as Hemophilia A may cause ecchymosis formation in children.[7] The medication betamethasone can have the adverse effect of causing ecchymosis.[8] Etymology and pronunciationThe word ecchymosis ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|k|ᵻ|ˈ|m|oʊ|s|ᵻ|s}}; plural ecchymoses, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|k|ᵻ|ˈ|m|oʊ|s|iː|s}}), comes to English from New Latin, based on Greek ἐκχύμωσις ekchymōsis, from ἐκχυμοῦσθαι ekchymousthai "to extravasate blood", from ἐκ- ek- (elided to ἐ- e-) and χυμός chymos "juice".[9] Compare enchyma, "tissue infused with organic juice"; elaboration from chyme, the formative juice of tissues. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=UCSF Purpura Module|url=http://www.dermatology.ucsf.edu/education_training/140.01ClinicalDermatology/Module.8.Purpura%20Module%20REVISED2.pdf}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Easy Bruising Symptoms|url=http://www.medicinenet.com/easy_bruising/symptoms.htm}} 3. ^Merriam-Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis; accessed 1/2/2012 4. ^Gould, George M. The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Leung|first1=AKC|last2=Chan|first2=KW|title=Evaluating the Child with Purpura|journal=American Family Physician|volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=419-429 |date=August 2001|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0801/p419.html}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s16c03.html |title=Case Based Pediatrics Chapter |work= |accessdate=2009-01-08}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Lee|first1=AC|title=Bruises, blood coagulation tests and the battered child syndrome|journal=Singapore Medical Journal|volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=445-449 |date=June 2008|pmid=18581014|url=http://smj.sma.org.sg/4906/4906ra1.pdf}} 8. ^{{cite web |url = http://davisplus.fadavis.com/3976/MedDeck/pdf/betamethasonesystemic.pdf | publisher = F.A. Davis | title = betamethasone }} 9. ^{{Citation |author=Merriam-Webster |authorlink=Merriam-Webster |title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: "ecchymosis" |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis |postscript=.}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = {{ICD9|459.89}}, {{ICD9|782.7}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D004438 }}{{Hemodynamics}}{{General injuries}} 2 : Dermatologic terminology|Medical signs |
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