| 词条 | Proceratophrys brauni |
| 释义 |
| image = Proceratophrys brauni.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Proceratophrys brauni | authority = Kwet and {{interlanguage link multi|Julián Faivovich|fr|lt=Faivovich}}, 2001[2] | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = [3] }}Proceratophrys brauni is a species of frog in the family Odontophrynidae. It is endemic to South Brazil and has been recorded in the Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states.[3] The specific name brauni honors Pedro Canisio Braun, a Brazilian herpetologist.[2] Common name horn toad has been coined for this species.[3] DescriptionAdult males measure {{convert|30|-|35|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and adult females {{convert|39|-|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. The body is robust and stout. The snout is short but has a pointed tip in dorsal view. The eyes are large. The tympanum is scarcely visible. The arms and the legs short and robust; the toes are slightly webbed. The upper eyelids have usually three distinct protuberant tubercles. Dorsal skin is granular and warty, bearing variably arranged and sized tubercles and ridges. Two distinct longitudinal rows of tubercles extend from behind the upper eyelids over the dorsum to the vent, forming two curved ridges. Dorsal coloration is variable and consists of various shades of brown, tan, or gray, forming a regular pattern of longitudinally arranged dark and light brown markings. The lower surfaces are predominantly black but have a variable distinct pattern of bright red or orange-red blotches and spots on chest and venter.[2] Habitat and conservationProceratophrys brauni occurs in subtropical rainforests at {{convert|300|–|1100|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.[2] Outside the breeding season, it is terrestrial and occurs in the leaf-litter. Breeding takes place in small streams in conjunction with heavy rains, and the eggs may be deposited under stones of stream beds.[1][2]It is a common species that occurs in several protected areas. Nevertheless, habitat loss caused by deforestation is a major threat.[1] References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal | author = Kwet, A. | author2 = Garcia, P. |last-author-amp=yes | title = Proceratophrys brauni | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume= 2004 | page = e.T57297A11604848 | publisher = IUCN | year = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57297A11604848.en }} [2][3]2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/index.php//Amphibia/Anura/Odontophrynidae/Proceratophrys/Proceratophrys-brauni |title=Proceratophrys brauni Kwet and Faivovich, 2001 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2018 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=28 June 2018}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite journal |last=Kwet |first=Axel |last2=Faivovich |first2=Julian |last-author-amp=yes |date=2001 |title=Proceratophrys bigibbosa species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with description of a new species |journal=Copeia |volume=2001 |issue=1 |pages=203–215 |doi=10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0203:pbsgal]2.0.co;2}} }}{{Taxonbar|from=Q901765}} 5 : Proceratophrys|Endemic fauna of Brazil|Amphibians of Brazil|Amphibians described in 2001|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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