“Procurement programme of the Royal Australian Navy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Royal Australian Navy, although a significant force in the Asia-Pacific region, is nonetheless classed as a medium-sized navy. Its fleet is based around two main types of surface combatant, with limited global deployment and air power capability. However, in 2009, a white paper, Force 2030, was produced by the Australian government which set out a programme of defence spending that will see significant improvements to the RAN's fleet and capabilities.

Ships under construction

The following is a list of vessels currently under construction for the Royal Australian Navy:^[1]

Surface combatants

Anzac-class frigate

The Anzac class is the latest major fleet type to enter service. The first unit was commissioned in 1996 and the last entered service in 2006. Starting in November 2003, all eight frigates underwent extensive upgrades under Project SEA 1448 Phase 2, the Anzac Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence upgrade. Completed in two phases, the following systems were upgraded and installed:

Final Operating Capability is scheduled for October 2017.^[3]^[4]^[5] The vessels are expected to remain in service until 2032 where they will be replaced with up to nine frigates designed primarily for anti-submarine warfare.^[6]

Hobart-class air warfare destroyer

The most significant project currently under construction for the RAN are three Hobart-class air warfare destroyers under construction in Adelaide, South Australia to replace the Adelaide-class frigates. Although the 2009 Defence White Paper and original contract suggested that a fourth ship may be ordered, the 2016 Defence White Paper concluded that only three would be built. Each destroyer will be fitted with the Aegis combat system and will be based on the F100 design by Spanish shipbuilding company Navantia. Each vessel will be fitted with cruise missiles and the SM-6 anti-aircraft missile. {{HMAS|Hobart|DDGH 39|2}} was commissioned on 23 September 2017, with the following vessels to be delivered in 2018 and 2019. The destroyers are being built by ASC Pty Ltd, although the project involves a significant amount of work sub-contracted to other companies and locations.^[7] The destroyers are to be named Hobart, Brisbane and Sydney.

Hunter-class frigate

With the Anzac-class frigates due to begin retiring in the late 2020s, work on a replacement program has begun. The program is expected to cost AU$35 billion and a request for tender for the vessel design was released in March 2017 to three contenders: Navantia, Fincantieri, and BAE Systems as part of a competitive evaluation process. In June 2018, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced that a variation of the BAE design had been selected as the preferred tender for the {{sclass-|Hunter|frigate|2}}s.^[8] Construction will begin in Adelaide, South Australia in 2020.^[9] Australian shipbuilding company ASC will become a subsidiary of BAE Systems Australia for the duration of the build.^[10]

Amphibious warfare

The RAN's amphibious capabilities will be greatly increased by a new class of two Canberra-class amphibious vessels. These ships, based on Navantia's Strategic Projection Ship (later commissioned into the Spanish Navy as {{Ship|Spanish ship|Juan Carlos I|L61|6}}), are to displace approximately 27,000 tonnes, will transport 1,000 personnel and 150 vehicles, and can transport these ashore through landing craft carried in a well deck, or helicopters, with up to six operating simultaneously from each ship's flight deck. The new ships, named {{HMAS|Canberra|LHD 02|6}} and {{HMAS|Adelaide|LHD 01|6}}, will be built at Navantia's shipyard in Spain, then transported to Tenix Defence facilities in Victoria for finishing. The two ships will replace {{HMAS|Tobruk|L 50|6}} and one of the {{sclass-|Kanimbla|landing platform amphibious|0}} amphibious vessels. The second Kanimbla-class ship is to be replaced by a strategic sealift vessel of 10,000 to 15,000 tons displacement, which will provide the capacity to transport equipment, supplies, helicopters, and soldiers into zones of operation, and embark or disembark these without port facilities. The RAN will also replace the six Balikpapan-class heavy landing craft with six larger vessels. In mid-2011, the RAN acquired the former British Royal Fleet Auxiliary landing ship {{Ship|RFA|Largs Bay|L3006|6}}, which entered service in December 2011 as {{HMAS|Choules|L100|6}}.

Minor vessels

Between 1999 and 2003, the RAN acquired six {{sclass-|Huon|minehunter|1}}s.^[11] Based on Intermarine SpA's {{sclass-|Gaeta|minehunter|1}}s, each ship is equipped with a variable depth sonar, and a pair of Bofors Double Eagle underwater clearance vehicles.^[11]

Up to the turn of the 21st century, the RAN's main patrol force was made up of the {{sclass-|Fremantle|patrol boat|4}}. However, these have been replaced by the new {{sclass-|Armidale|patrol boat|4}}. The first of these, {{HMAS|Armidale|ACPB 83|6}}, was commissioned in June 2005, and was the first of fourteen. These vessels are significantly more capable than the Fremantle class, and better equipped for a greater range of sea conditions.

The 2009 Defence White Paper announced that a new class of 20 offshore combatant vessels would replace the Armidale and Huon classes, along with the {{sclass-|Leeuwin|survey vessel|5}} and {{sclass-|Paluma|survey motor launch|5}}-class survey ships.^[12] The multi-role ships are predicted to displace anywhere up to 2,000 tonnes, and may be equipped with a helicopter or unmanned aerial vehicle.^[12]

Submarines

The {{sclass-|Collins|submarine|2}}s, the first of which entered service in 1996, are due to receive a major upgrade to their combat systems, with technology based on the US Navy's {{sclass-|Virginia|submarine|4}}. This new system will be introduced in conjunction with the new heavyweight torpedo.

In the longer term, the Collins-class submarines will begin to reach the end of their useful life in 2026.^[13] To meet an in-service date of 2026, advanced design work on the next generation of Australian submarines will begin by 2014–2015. The submarines are likely to be Australian-built, conventional submarines equipped with air independent propulsion and advanced combat and communications systems.^[14] Defence Minister Joel Fitzgibbon ordered planning to begin on the next generation of submarines to replace the Royal Australian Navy's Collins-class fleet. The 17-year project will be the largest, longest and most expensive defence acquisition since Australia's Federation, potentially costing up to $25 billion. The submarines are expected to be capable of carrying long-range cruise missiles and midget-subs.^[15]

According to the 2009 Defence White Paper, the submarine fleet is to be expanded to 12. The submarines will be equipped with cruise missiles and the world's most advanced torpedoes, sonars, combat systems, intelligence gathering systems as well as also being able to support special forces operations. The first submarine is expected to be in service by 2030 with the decommissioning of {{HMAS|Collins|SSG 73|6}}. The 2009 White Paper predicted the cost of the new submarines at $35 billion.

Afloat Support

The RAN currently has two ships used for afloat support/replenishment at sea; {{HMAS|Sirius|O 266|6}} is a fleet oiler, with a limited dry stores capability, while {{HMAS|Success|AOR 304|6}} is a general dry stores/fuel replenishment vessel. The navy has initiated a project that will ultimately see two new purpose built vessels enter service by 2020. Sirius was purchased second hand (double hulled to meet new international regulations) in 2005 as MT Delos and converted to replace {{HMAS|Westralia|O 195|6}} in 2006. Then, as Sirius reaches the end of its service life around 2018, a new vessel will be purpose built. At around the same time (approximately 2015), a replacement for Success will be constructed.

The Minister of Defence confirmed in March 2016 that Navantia had been selected to build the next two replenishment vessels. The project is expected to cost anywhere between $1 and $2 billion. Navantia had offered Australia a design based on the Spanish Navy's current replenishment vessel {{ship|Spanish oiler|Cantabria|A15|2}}, which entered service in 2011.^[16] The ships will be named {{HMAS|Supply|A 195|6}} and {{HMAS|Stalwart}}.^[17] Supply was launched at Ferrol on 23 November 2018.^[2]

Fleet Air Arm

The Fleet Air Arm is currently an all rotary winged organisation. Currently S-70B-2 Seahawks helicopters are the combat helicopters of the Air Arm. The Seahawks are being upgraded with FLIR and enhanced ECM, to improve both their surveillance and self-defence capabilities. In the 2009 Defence White Paper the Australian Government stated that it will urgently acquire at least 24 new naval combat helicopters.^[18]

The Navy's Sea Kings, which have been in service for twenty years, will be replaced by six marinised MRH 90 helicopters by 2010. These aircraft are to be purchased as part a joint Army-Navy helicopter purchase.^[19]

The 2009 Defence White Paper, Force 2030, stated that the RAN needed to replace its 16 Seahawk helicopters with at least 24 new helicopters by 2014. In June 2011 the Australian government announced the purchase of 24 MH-60R "Romeo" Seahawk helicopters as a replacement for the S-70-B2.

List of major current and future projects

(Updated to reflect changes made in the Defence Capability Plan – June 2011 Supplement)

A full listing of all current Projects is available at the Defence Materiel Organisation website.

Recently completed projects

See also

Notes

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://news.navy.gov.au/en/Nov2017/Fleet/4249|title=Future fleet oilers named|date=17 November 2017|website=Navy Daily|publisher=Department of Defence (Australia)|access-date=18 November 2017}}
2. ^¹{{cite news |last1=Rahmat |first1=Ridzwan |title=Navantia launches Australia’s first replenishment vessel, begins work on second |url=https://www.janes.com/article/84814/navantia-launches-australia-s-first-replenishment-vessel-begins-work-on-second |accessdate=4 December 2018 |work=Janes360 |publisher=IHS Markit |date=26 November 2018}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/casg/EquippingDefence/SEA1448PH2B-ASMD|title=Anzac Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence|date=December 2014|website=Department of Defence (Australia)|access-date=16 May 2017}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/63053/anzac-frigate-hmas-toowoomba-begins-anti-ship-missile-defence-upgrades|title=ANZAC frigate HMAS Toowoomba begins anti-ship missile defence upgrades|last=Rahmat|first=Ridzwan|date=18 August 2016|website=IHS Jane's 360|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819201429/http://www.janes.com/article/63053/anzac-frigate-hmas-toowoomba-begins-anti-ship-missile-defence-upgrades|archive-date=2016-08-19|dead-url=yes|access-date=16 May 2017}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/casg/EquippingDefence/SEA1448PH2A-ASMD|title=Anzac Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence|date=December 2014|website=Department of Defence (Australia)|access-date=16 May 2017}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/casg/EquippingDefence/Anzac-Class-Frigate|title=Anzac Class Frigate|date=December 2014|website=Department of Defence (Australia)|access-date=16 May 2017}}
7. ^Navy unveils $11b warship contract, Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 June 2007.
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/australias-26-billion-warship-deal-goes-to-britains-bae-1530190803|title=Australia’s $26 Billion Warship Deal Goes to Britain’s BAE|last=Taylor|first=Rob|date=28 June 2018|website=The Wall Street Journal|location=Canberra, Australia|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=28 June 2018}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/casg/EquippingDefence/SEA5000PH1_FutureFrigates|title=Future Frigate|date=September 2016|website=Department of Defence (Australia)|access-date=16 May 2017}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.afr.com/news/rule-britannia-as-malcolm-turnbull-chooses-uk-design-for-35b-frigate-contract-20180628-h11z88|title=Rule Britannia as Malcolm Turnbull chooses UK design for $35b frigate contract|last=Tillett|first=Andrew|date=28 June 2018|website=Australian Financial Review|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=28 June 2018}}
11. ^¹{{cite book |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009 |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephen |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Surrey |year=2008 |edition=111th |series=Jane's Fighting Ships |isbn=978-0-7106-2845-9 |oclc=225431774 |page=32}}
12. ^¹{{cite book |author=Department of Defence |title=Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |date=2 May 2009 |isbn=978-0-642-29702-0 |oclc=426475923 |pages=72–3}}
13. ^{{cite web |publisher=Submarine Institute of Australia |url=http://www.submarineinstitute.com/?doc=42 |title=Australia's Future Underwater Warfare Capability – Project SM 2020 |deadurl=y}} {{dead link|date=December 2018}}
14. ^Patrick Walters (2006). Cutting Edge: The Collins experance. Australian Security Policy Institute, Canberra. Pages 10–11.
15. ^{{cite news|last=Stuart|first=Cameron|url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22971744-421,00.html?from=mostpop |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226181526/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22971744-421,00.html?from=mostpop|title=Navy to get new lethal submarine fleet|newspaper=The Australian|date=26 December 2007 |archivedate=26 December 2007}}
16. ^{{Cite news|last1=Grevatt |first1=Jon |date=10 March 2016|url=http://www.janes.com/article/58705/australia-selects-navantia-for-new-replenishment-ship|title=Australia selects Navantia for new replenishment ship|website=IHS Jane's 360|accessdate=4 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313033353/https://www.janes.com/article/58705/australia-selects-navantia-for-new-replenishment-ship |archivedate=13 March 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web|last=Dominguez|first=Gabriel|url=http://www.janes.com/article/75789/australia-names-future-replenishment-vessels|title=Australia names future replenishment vessels|website=IHS Jane's 360|date=17 November 2017|access-date=19 November 2017}}
18. ^Australian Government Defence White Paper 2009 page: 72
19. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827123501/http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/NelsonMintpl.cfm?CurrentId=5738|date=27 August 2006}}
20. ^¹{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Phill|title=Amphibious Deployment & Sustainment Program|url=http://www.defenceandindustry.gov.au/presentations/pdf/presentations/thursday/1140_Brown.pdf|accessdate=16 August 2011|date=30 June 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227071131/http://www.defenceandindustry.gov.au/presentations/pdf/presentations/thursday/1140_Brown.pdf|archivedate=27 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}
21. ^{{cite web|last=Clare|first=Jason|title=LHD Watercraft and Enhanced Joint Operations Centre Command and Control Capability Projects Approved|url=http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2011/09/27/minister-for-defence-materiel-lhd-watercraft-and-enhanced-joint-operations-centre-command-and-control-capability-projects-approved/|publisher=Department of Defence|accessdate=27 September 2011|date=27 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019073309/http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2011/09/27/minister-for-defence-materiel-lhd-watercraft-and-enhanced-joint-operations-centre-command-and-control-capability-projects-approved/|archivedate=19 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}
22. ^{{cite web|last=Clare|first=Jason|title=New Cutting Edge Missile Defence System for ANZAC Ships|url=http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2011/11/28/minister-for-defence-and-minister-for-defence-materiel-%e2%80%93-new-cutting-edge-missile-defence-system-for-anzac-ships-2/|publisher=Department of Defence|accessdate=28 November 2011|date=28 November 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227132115/http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2011/11/28/minister-for-defence-and-minister-for-defence-materiel-%E2%80%93-new-cutting-edge-missile-defence-system-for-anzac-ships-2/|archivedate=27 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}
23. ^{{cite journal|journal=Wavelength – ASC News|year=2011|volume=Winter|url=http://www.asc.com.au/cms_resources/Wavelength/ASC_Wavelength_winter2011.pdf|accessdate=16 August 2011|publisher=Australian Submarine Corporation|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928191904/http://www.asc.com.au/cms_resources/Wavelength/ASC_Wavelength_winter2011.pdf|archivedate=28 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}
24. ^[https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/maritime-antisub/2498-here-comes-the-hunter-bae-awarded-35b-sea-5000-future-frigate-contract Here comes the Hunter: BAE awarded $35bn SEA 5000 Future Frigate Contract] Defence Connect 28 June 2018