| 词条 | Progenitor cell | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A progenitor cell is a biological cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its "target" cell. The most important difference between stem cells and progenitor cells is that stem cells can replicate indefinitely, whereas progenitor cells can divide only a limited number of times. Controversy about the exact definition remains and the concept is still evolving.[1] The terms "progenitor cell" and "stem cell" are sometimes equated.[2] PropertiesMost progenitors are described as oligopotent. In this point of view, they may be compared to adult stem cells. But progenitors are said to be in a further stage of cell differentiation. They are in the “center” between stem cells and fully differentiated cells. The kind of potency they have depends on the type of their "parent" stem cell and also on their niche. Some progenitor cells were found during research, and were isolated. After their marker was found, it was proven that these progenitor cells could move through the body and migrate towards the tissue where they are needed.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Many properties are shared by adult stem cells and progenitor cells. Progenitor cells are found in adult organisms and they act as a repair system for the body. They replenish special cells, but also maintain the blood, skin and intestinal tissues. They can also be found in developing embryonic pancreatic tissue.
FunctionThe majority of progenitor cells lie dormant or possess little activity in the tissue in which they reside. They exhibit slow growth and their main role is to replace cells lost by normal attrition. In case of tissue injury, damaged or dead cells, progenitor cells can be activated. Growth factors or cytokines are two substances that trigger the progenitors to mobilize toward the damaged tissue. At the same time, they start to differentiate into the target cells. Not all progenitors are mobile and are situated near the tissue of their target differentiation. When the cytokines, growth factors and other cell division-enhancing stimulators take on the progenitors, a higher rate of cell division is introduced. It leads to the recovery of the tissue. ExamplesThe characterization or the defining principle of progenitor cells, in order to separate them from others, is based on the different cell markers rather than their morphological appearance.[3]
Development of the human cerebral corticesBefore embryonic day 40 (E40), progenitor cells generate other progenitor cells; after that period, progenitor cells produce only dissimilar mesenchymal stem cell daughters. The cells from a single progenitor cell form a proliferative unit that creates one cortical column; these columns contain a variety of neurons with different shapes.[10] See also
References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Seaberg | first1 = R. M. | last2 = Van Der Kooy | first2 = D. | doi = 10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00031-6 | title = Stem and progenitor cells: The premature desertion of rigorous definitions | journal = Trends in Neurosciences | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 125–131 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12591214| pmc = }} {{Stem cells}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Progenitor Cell}}2. ^{{DorlandsDict|nine/100009804|progenitor cell}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Morgan|first1=JE|last2=Partridge|first2=TA|title=Muscle satellite cells.|journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology|date=August 2003|volume=35|issue=8|pages=1151–6|pmid=12757751|doi=10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00042-6}} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Noctor SC, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Kriegstein AR |title=Contribution of intermediate progenitor cells to cortical histogenesis |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=639–42 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17502462 |doi=10.1001/archneur.64.5.639 |url=http://archneur.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17502462}} 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Awong | first1 = G. | title = Thymus-bound: The many features of T cell progenitors | doi = 10.2741/200 | journal = Frontiers in Bioscience | pages = 961 | year = 2011 | pmid = | pmc = }} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Barber | first1 = C. L. | last2 = Iruela-Arispe | first2 = M. L. | doi = 10.1203/01.pdr.0000203553.46471.18 | title = The Ever-Elusive Endothelial Progenitor Cell: Identities, Functions and Clinical Implications | journal = Pediatric Research | volume = 59 | issue = 4 Pt 2 | pages = 26R–32R | year = 2006 | pmid = 16549545| pmc = }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Carotta | first1 = S. | last2 = Nutt | first2 = S. L. | doi = 10.1002/bies.20725 | title = Losing B cell identity | journal = BioEssays | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 203–207 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18293359| pmc = }} 8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Awong | first1 = G. | title = Thymus-bound: The many features of T cell progenitors | doi = 10.2741/200 | journal = Frontiers in Bioscience | pages = 961 | year = 2011 | pmid = | pmc = }} 9. ^{{cite journal |last1=Monk |first1=KR |last2=Feltri |first2=ML |last3=Taveggia |first3=C |title=New insights on Schwann cell development. |journal=Glia |date=August 2015 |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=1376–93 |doi=10.1002/glia.22852 |pmid=25921593|pmc=4470834 }} 10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=John O.|last2=Price|first2=David J.|date=2016-10-15|title=Building brains in a dish: Prospects for growing cerebral organoids from stem cells|journal=Neuroscience|volume=334|pages=105–118|doi=10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.048|issn=1873-7544|pmid=27506142}} 5 : Stem cells|Biotechnology|Cell biology|Developmental biology|Cloning |
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