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词条 Project Highwater
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

  3. Further reading

Project Highwater was an experiment carried out as part of two of the test flights of NASA's Saturn I launch vehicle (using battleship upper stages), successfully launched into a sub-orbital trajectory from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Highwater experiment sought to determine the effect of a large volume of water suddenly released into the ionosphere.[1][2] The project answered questions about the effect of the diffusion of propellants in the event that a rocket was destroyed at high altitude.

The first flight, SA-2, took place on April 25, 1962. After the flight test of the rocket was complete and first stage shutdown occurred, explosive charges on the dummy upper stages destroyed the rocket and released {{convert|23000|usgal|L|lk=out}} of ballast water weighing {{convert|95|ST|kg|lk=on}} into the upper atmosphere at an altitude of {{convert|65|mi|0}},[4] eventually reaching an apex of {{convert|90|mi|0}}.

The second flight, SA-3, launched on November 16, 1962, and involved the same payload. The ballast water was explosively released at the flight's peak altitude of {{convert|104|mi|0}}.[6][7] For both of these experiments, the resulting ice clouds expanded to several miles in diameter and lightning-like radio disturbances were recorded.[4]

See also

{{Portal|Space}}
  • High-altitude nuclear explosion - other high altitude explosive tests

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite journal |url=http://library01.gsfc.nasa.gov/goddardnews/May_4_1962.pdf |title=Saturn Aids GSFC Research |journal=Goddard News |volume=2 |issue=10 |date=May 4, 1962 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721050536/http://library01.gsfc.nasa.gov/goddardnews/May_4_1962.pdf |archivedate=July 21, 2011 |df= }}
2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/Saturn_Test_Flights.html |title=History: Saturn Test Flights |work=NASA.gov |first=Jeanne |last=Ryba |date=July 8, 2009 |accessdate=December 5, 2009}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://nix.ksc.nasa.gov/info;jsessionid=2916kf84ibbt0?id=MSFC-6203276&orgid=11 |title=Saturn I SA-2 Launch |publisher=NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program |first=Bill |last=von Ofenheim |date=January 20, 2004 |accessdate=July 2, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517155438/http://nix.ksc.nasa.gov/info;jsessionid=2916kf84ibbt0?id=MSFC-6203276&orgid=11 |archivedate=May 17, 2011 |df= }}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/higwater.htm |title=Highwater |work=Astronautix.com |first=Mark |last=Wade |accessdate=December 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116214015/http://astronautix.com/craft/higwater.htm |archivedate=January 16, 2010 |df= }}
5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/capllc34.htm |title=Cape Canaveral LC34 |work=Astronautix.com |first=Mark |last=Wade |accessdate=December 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131094706/http://astronautix.com/sites/capllc34.htm |archivedate=January 31, 2010 |df= }}
[1][2][3][4][5]
}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790078055 |title=An Analysis of the Second Project High Water Data |publisher=NASA |first1=David D |last1=Woodbridge |first2=James A |last2=Lasater |display-authors=etal |date=October 25, 1963 |id=NAS10-841}}
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6 : 1962 in spaceflight|NASA programs|Military projects|Saturn (rocket family)|Water and the environment|Spacecraft launched by Saturn rockets
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