| 词条 | Prolactin receptor |
| 释义 |
|Name=Prolactin Receptor |caption= |image= |width= |HGNCid=9446 |Symbol=PRLR |AltSymbols= |EntrezGene=5618 |OMIM=176761 |RefSeq=NM_000949 |UniProt=P16471 |PDB=1RW5 |ECnumber= |Chromosome=5 |Arm=p |Band=13 |LocusSupplementaryData=-p12 }} The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I cytokine receptor[1] encoded in humans by the PRLR gene on chromosome 5p13-14. The PRLR binds prolactin (PRL) as a transmembrane receptor. Thus the PRLR contains an extracellular region to bind PRL, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmatic region. The PRLR can also bind to and be activated by growth hormone (GH) and human placental lactogen (hPL), in addition to prolactin. Expression of the PRLR protein is found within cells of the mammary glands[2] in accordance with its role in lactation, but also is the subject of attention for its diverse and emerging roles by its expression in adipose tissue,[3] pancreatic islet cell proliferation,[4] and immune responses.[5] The PRLR is a cytokine receptor[6] and second messenger cascades include the JAK-STAT pathway, JAK-RUSH pathway,[7][8] Ras-Raf-MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.[9] Disruption of PRLR signaling pathways have been linked to tumorigenesis and breast cancer development.[10] The PRLR has been found to be essential for lobuloalveolar maturation of the mammary glands during pregnancy, as evidenced by the fact that PRLR knockout mice show severely impaired development of lobuloalveolar structures.[11][12] See also
References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Brooks CL | title = Molecular mechanisms of prolactin and its receptor | journal = Endocrine Reviews | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 504–25 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22577091 | pmc = 3410225 | doi = 10.1210/er.2011-1040 | department = review }} 2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Baran N, Kelly PA, Binart N | title = Characterization of a prolactin-regulated gene in reproductive tissues using the prolactin receptor knockout mouse model | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 66 | issue = 4 | pages = 1210–8 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11906943 | doi = | department = primary }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Viengchareun S, Servel N, Fève B, Freemark M, Lombès M, Binart N | title = Prolactin receptor signaling is essential for perinatal brown adipocyte function: a role for insulin-like growth factor-2 | journal = PLOS One | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = e1535 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18253483 | pmc = 2212135 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001535 | department = primary }} 4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Arumugam R, Fleenor D, Freemark M | title = Knockdown of prolactin receptors in a pancreatic beta cell line: effects on DNA synthesis, apoptosis, and gene expression | journal = Endocrine | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 568–76 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 24114406 | pmc = 3984618 | doi = 10.1007/s12020-013-0073-1 | department = primary }} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Dogusan Z, Book ML, Verdood P, Yu-Lee LY, Hooghe-Peters EL | title = Prolactin activates interferon regulatory factor-1 expression in normal lympho-hemopoietic cells | journal = European Cytokine Network | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 435–42 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 11022129 | doi = | department = primary }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Trott JF, Schennink A, Petrie WK, Manjarin R, VanKlompenberg MK, Hovey RC | title = Triennial Lactation Symposium: Prolactin: The multifaceted potentiator of mammary growth and function | journal = Journal of Animal Science | volume = 90 | issue = 5 | pages = 1674–86 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22205663 | doi = 10.2527/jas.2011-4682 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Helmer RA, Panchoo M, Dertien JS, Bhakta SM, Hewetson A, Chilton BS | title = Prolactin-induced Jak2 phosphorylation of RUSH: a key element in Jak/RUSH signaling | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 325 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 143–9 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20562009 | pmc = 2902710 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2010.05.010 }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Helmer RA, Dertien JS, Chilton BS | title = Prolactin induces Jak2 phosphorylation of RUSHY195 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 338 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 79–83 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21457752 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.009 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Clevenger CV, Furth PA, Hankinson SE, Schuler LA | title = The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma | journal = Endocrine Reviews | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–27 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12588805 | pmc = 1698952 | doi = 10.1210/er.2001-0036 }} 10. ^Z. Nouhi, N. Chughtai, S. Hartley, E. Cocolakis, J.J. Lebrun, S. AliDefining the role of prolactin as an invasion suppressor hormone in breast cancer cellsCancer Res, 66 (2006), pp. 1824-1832 11. ^{{cite book | first = Nelson D. | last = Horseman | name-list-format = vanc | title = Prolactin | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dc2rBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA227 |date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4615-1683-5|pages=227–}} 12. ^{{cite book | first1 = Kirby I. | last1 = Bland | first2 = Edward M. | last2 = Copeland | name-list-format = vanc |title=The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1u4x_iGiHNEC&pg=PA44|date=9 September 2009|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=1-4377-1121-9|pages=44–45}} External links
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