| 词条 | Propiram |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464216831 | IUPAC_name = N-(1-Methyl-2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-N-pyridin-2-ylpropanamide | image = Propiram2DCSD.svg | width = 180 | tradename = | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = S8 | legal_CA = Schedule I | legal_UK = | legal_US = Schedule I | legal_DE = Anlage II | routes_of_administration = oral, injected | bioavailability = 97% | protein_bound = | elimination_half-life = 5.2 hours | excretion = | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CAS_number = 15686-91-6 | ATC_prefix = none | ATC_suffix = | PubChem = 26216 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 24426 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = WT6247U6PX | C=16 | H=25 | N=3 | O=1 | molecular_weight = 275.39 g/mol | smiles = O=C(N(c1ncccc1)C(CN2CCCCC2)C)CC | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C16H25N3O/c1-3-16(20)19(15-9-5-6-10-17-15)14(2)13-18-11-7-4-8-12-18/h5-6,9-10,14H,3-4,7-8,11-13H2,1-2H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = ZBAFFZBKCMWUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | synonyms = }}Propiram (Algeril, Dirame, Bay 4503) is a partial mu opioid receptor agonist and weak mu antagonist analgesic from the ampromide family of drugs related to other drugs such as phenampromide and diampromide. It was invented in 1963 in the United Kingdom by Bayer[1] but was not widely marketed, although it saw some limited clinical use, especially in dentistry. Propiram reached Phase III clinical trials in the United States and Canada.[2] PharmacologyPropiram exhibits weak opioid antagonist activity on the mu receptor—quite a bit weaker than its agonist effects—and the effect on kappa and delta opioid, sigma receptors, or the NMDA system are not well understood. Other drugs of the partial mu-opioid agonist/antagonist type include meptazinol, buprenorphine, butorphanol, phenazocine, nalbuphine, pentazocine, dezocine and its relatives. With about 10% of the analgesic potency of morphine, 50 mg of propiram is equivalent to about 60 mg of codeine or 50 mg of pentazocine. In many patients, propiram is an effective analgesic comparable to other drugs such as these as well as pethidine, with a normal dose of around 50–100 mg and a duration of action of 3 to 6 hours.[3] It is more potent and effective than codeine,[4] and longer-lasting and with a faster onset of action compared to pethidine.[5] Side effects include sedation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.[6] Propiram has been available in oral, rectal, and injectable formulations, with bioavailability above 97% after oral administration. Many related compounds are known, although only propiram was ever commercialized.[7] The addition of a 4-phenyl group on the piperidine increases potency by a factor of 133 compared to the patent compound.[8] Addition of a 3,3-dimethyl moiety to the piperidine ring increases potency by 45 compared to the title compound [9] and 3D overlay using CHARMM[10] shows that this class overlays the fentanyl scaffold perfectly. RegulationPropiram is currently a Schedule I/Narcotic controlled substance in the United States with an ACSCN of 9649 and a zero annual aggregate manufacturing quota as of 2014. It has been almost exclusively formulated as the fumarate salt. References1. ^{{US Patent|3163654}} {{Opioidergics}}2. ^{{cite book | title = Drug Facts & Comparisons | edition = 56th | date = 2002}} 3. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 7165237| year = 1982| author1 = Wilson| first1 = R. S.| title = Use of a new oral analgesic, propiram fumarate, in treating postoperative ocular pain| journal = Annals of Ophthalmology| volume = 14| issue = 12| pages = 1172–4| last2 = Landers| first2 = J. H.}} 4. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 6368614| year = 1984| author1 = Desjardins| first1 = P. J.| title = The relative analgesic efficacy of propiram fumarate, codeine, aspirin, and placebo in post-impaction dental pain| journal = Journal of Clinical Pharmacology| volume = 24| issue = 1| pages = 35–42| last2 = Cooper| first2 = S. A.| last3 = Gallegos| first3 = T. L.| last4 = Allwein| first4 = J. B.| last5 = Reynolds| first5 = D. C.| last6 = Kruger| first6 = G. O.| last7 = Beaver| first7 = W. T.| doi=10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01811.x}} 5. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 7241356| year = 1981| author1 = Korduba| first1 = C. A.| title = Bioavailability of orally administered propiram fumarate in humans| journal = Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences| volume = 70| issue = 5| pages = 521–3| last2 = Veals| first2 = J| last3 = Radwanski| first3 = E| last4 = Symchowicz| first4 = S| last5 = Chung| first5 = M| doi=10.1002/jps.2600700515}} 6. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 7693433| year = 1993| author1 = Goa| first1 = K. L.| title = Propiram. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical use as an analgesic| journal = Drugs| volume = 46| issue = 3| pages = 428–45| last2 = Brogden| first2 = R. N.| doi=10.2165/00003495-199346030-00008}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | author = Hiltmann R, Hoffmeister F, Niemers E, Schlichting U, Wollweber H | title = 2-Acylaminopyridine derivatives with morphine agonistic and morphine antagonistic effects | journal = Arzneimittelforschung | date = 1973 | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = 584–600| pmid = 4406861 }} 8. ^Opiates by R. Lenz et al page 454 9. ^Opiates by Lenz et al page 455 10. ^{{Cite web | url=https://www.charmm.org/charmm/?CFID=fb1a3b49-19aa-4696-bff2-fde5f1d3d44a&CFTOKEN=0 |title = Home - CHARMM}} 4 : Opioids|Pyridines|Piperidines|Propionamides |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。