词条 | Proslogion |
释义 |
The Proslogion (Latin Proslogium; English translation, Discourse on the Existence of God), written in 1077–1078, was written as a prayer, or meditation, by the medieval cleric Anselm which serves to reflect on the attributes of God and endeavours to explain how God can have qualities which often seem contradictory. In the course of this meditation, the first known formulations of the ontological argument for the existence of God was set out. Faith Seeking UnderstandingHis original title for the discourse, in fact, was Faith Seeking Understanding.[1] The Proslogion is the source for Anselm's famous and highly controversial ontological arguments for the existence of God. Anselm's first and weakest argument is found in chapter one of the Proslogion; whereas, his second argument is found in chapter two. While opinions concerning Anselm's twin ontological arguments differ widely (and have been from the moment the Proslogion was written), it is generally agreed that the argument is most convincing to Anselm's intended audience: that is, Christian believers seeking a rational basis for their belief in God. There are different reconstructions of Anselm's first argument, for example (after Dr. Scott H. Moore's analysis){{Citation needed |date=March 2019}}:
Like Anselm's first argument, his second ontological argument can be formulated in numerous ways. For instance, William Viney renders the second argument as follows (Dombrowski, 2006){{Citation needed |date=March 2019}}:
ExcerptsCHAPTER I: A rousing of the Mind to the contemplation of God Come on now little man, get away from your worldly occupations for a while, escape from your tumultuous thoughts. Lay aside your burdensome cares and put off your laborious exertions. Give yourself over to God for a little while, and rest for a while in Him. Enter into the cell of your mind, shut out everything except God and whatever helps you to seek Him once the door is shut. Speak now, my heart, and say to God, "I seek your face; your face, Lord, I seek."[2] CHAPTER II: That God Truly Exists CHAPTER III: That God Cannot be Thought Not to Exist CHAPTER IV: How the Fool Managed to Say in His Heart That Which Cannot be Thought CHAPTER V: That God is whatever it is better to be than not to be, and that existing through Himself alone He makes all other beings from nothing CHAPTER VI: How He is perceptive although He is not a body CHAPTER VII: How He is omnipotent although He cannot do many things CHAPTER VIII: How He is both merciful and impassible CHAPTER IX: How the all-just and supremely just One spares the wicked and justly has mercy on the wicked CHAPTER X: How He justly punishes and justly spares the wicked CHAPTER XI: How 'all the ways of the Lord are mercy and truth', and yet how 'the Lord is just in all His ways' CHAPTER XII: That God is the very life by which He lives and that the same holds for like attributes CHAPTER XIII: How He alone is limitless and eternal, although other spirits are also limitless and eternal CHAPTER XIV: How and why God is both seen and not seen by those seeking Him CHAPTER XV: How He is greater than can be thought CHAPTER XVI: That this is the 'inaccessible light' in which He 'dwells' CHAPTER XVII: That harmony, fragrance, sweetness, softness, and beauty are in God according to His own ineffable manner CHAPTER XVIII: That there are no parts in God or in His eternity which He is CHAPTER XIX: That He is not in place or time but all things are in Him CHAPTER XX: That He is before and beyond even all eternal things CHAPTER XXI: Whether this is the 'age of the age' or the 'ages of the ages' CHAPTER XXII: That He alone is what He is and who He is CHAPTER XXIII: That this good is equally Father and Son and Holy Spirit, and that this is the one necessary being which is altogether and wholly and solely good CHAPTER XXIV: A speculation as to what kind and how great this good is CHAPTER XXV: Which goods belong to those who enjoy this good and how great they are CHAPTER XXVI: Whether this is the 'fullness of joy' which the Lord promises Notes1. ^Logan, Ian (2009). Reading Anselm’s Proslogion: The History of Anselm’s Arguments and its Significance Today, p. 85. Ashgate Publishing, Burlington, VT. 2. ^Medieval Sourcebook References{{refbegin}}
{{cite book | last1 = Anselm of Canterbury | authorlink = Anselm of Canterbury | editor = Sidney N. Deane | others = trans. by Sidney D. Deane | title = St. Anselm: Basic Writings | year = 1962 | publisher = Open Court | location = Chicago | isbn = 0-87548-109-4 | chapter = Proslogion{{refend}} External links{{wikisource}}{{refbegin}}
| title=Anselm's Proslogium or Discourse on the Existence of God | work=Medieval Sourcebook | url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anselm-proslogium.html | accessdate=July 25, 2006 | publisher= Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies }}
| title=Anselmus Cantuariensis Proslogion | work=The Latin Library | url=http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/anselmproslogion.html | accessdate=July 25, 2006 | language = Latin}}{{refend}}{{Authority control}} 5 : 11th-century Latin books|1070s books|Latin prose texts|11th-century Christian texts|Philosophy of religion literature |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。