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词条 Prosthechea
释义

  1. Species

  2. Gallery

  3. References

  4. Footnotes

  5. External links

{{automatic taxobox
| image = Prosthechea-cochleata.jpg
| image_caption = Prosthechea cochleata
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Prosthechea
| authority = Knowles & Westc., 1838
| type_species = Prosthechea glauca
| type_species_authority = Knowles & Westc. - Floral Cabinet 2: 111-112. 1838.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = About 100 species - See text
| synonyms_ref = [1]
| synonyms =
  • Epithecia Knowles & Westc., illegitimate superfluous name
  • Hormidium Lindl. ex Heynh.
  • Anacheilium Hoffmanns.
  • Epicladium Small
  • Euchile (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) Withner
  • Pseudencyclia Chiron & V.P.Castro
  • Panarica Withner & P.A.Harding
  • Pollardia Withner & P.A.Harding

}}Prosthechea is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word prostheke (appendix), referring to the appendage on the back of the column. Appendage orchid is a common name for this genus.[1]

The genus Prosthechea has only recently (1997; published in 1998) been reestablished by W. E. Higgins as a distinct genus (see references). Two species were later transferred to Euchile (E. citrina and E. mariae) by Withner in 1998.[2] The status of Euchile species as sister to Prosthechea excluding Euchile was confirmed by Higgins in his doctoral dissertation in 2000.[3] Previously, the species had been included in different genera : Anacheilium, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Euchile, Hormidium and Pollardia. The status as genus was confirmed by recent data, based on molecular evidence (nuclear (nrITS) and plastid (matK and trnL-F) DNA sequence data) (W. E. Higgins et al. 2003)

This a neotropical epiphytic genus, widespread across much of Latin America from Mexico to Paraguay, as well as in Florida and the West Indies.[4][5]

The roots of all Prosthechea species possess a velamen (a thick sponge-like covering) differentiated into epivelamen and endovelamen. Flavonoid crystals were observed in both the roots and leaves. The erect stems form flattened or thickened pseudobulbs. There are 1 to 3 terminal, sessile leaves. The leathery blade is ovate to lanceolate. (Euchile leaves are softer and thinner than other Prosthechea leaves.)

The flowers form an apical, paniculate raceme with a spathe at the base of the inflorescence . There is a great variety in the flowers of this genus. They may be attached to the stem by a peduncle or may be sessile. They can flower on the raceme at the same time or successively. They can be resupinate or non-resupinate (as in Prosthechea cochleata). Prosthechea flowers are unique among the Laeliinae in producing fluorescent flavenoid crystals when preserved in ethanol with 5% sodium hydroxide.[6]

The sepals are almost equal in length, while the petals can be much slender. The lip is pressed closely (adnate to proximal) to half of the column and shows a callus (a stiff protuberance). The column is 3- to 5-toothed at its top.

There are four, almost equal pollinia with an inverted egg shape. There are four stalks (or caudicles) in two pairs. The beak is entire, curved into a half circle and covered with viscous glycoside crystals.

The fruits consists of ellipse-shaped to egg-shaped, 1-locular, 3-winged capsules.

Species

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • Prosthechea abbreviata (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea aemula (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea alagoensis (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea allemanii (Barb.Rodr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea allemanoides (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea aloisii (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999).
  • Prosthechea apuahuensis (Mansf.) Van den Berg (2001).
  • Prosthechea arminii (Rchb.f.) Withner & P.A.Harding (2004).
  • Prosthechea baculus (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea barbozae Pupulin (2004).
  • Prosthechea bennettii (Christenson) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea bicamerata (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea boothiana (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea brachiata (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea brachychila (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea brassavolae (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea bulbosa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea caetensis (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea calamaria (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea campos-portoi (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea campylostalix (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea carrii V.P.Castro & Campacci (2001).
  • Prosthechea chacaoensis (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea chondylobulbon (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea christyana (Rchb.f.) Garay & Withner (2001).
  • Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
    • Prosthechea cochleata var. cochleata.
    • Prosthechea cochleata var. triandra (Ames) Hágsater (2002).
  • Prosthechea concolor (Lex.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea cretacea (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea elisae Chiron & V.P.Castro (2003).
  • Prosthechea faresiana (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea farfanii Christenson (2002).
  • Prosthechea fausta (Rchb.f. ex Cogn.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea favoris (Rchb.f.) Salazar & Soto Arenas (2001).
  • Prosthechea fortunae (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea garciana (Garay & Dunst.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea ghiesbreghtiana (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea gilbertoi (Garay) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea glauca Knowles & Westc. (1838).
  • Prosthechea glumacea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea grammatoglossa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea greenwoodiana (Aguirre-Olav.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea hajekii D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001).
  • Prosthechea hartwegii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea hastata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea ionocentra (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea ionophlebia (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea jauana (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea joaquingarciana Pupulin (2001).
  • Prosthechea kautzkii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea lambda (Linden ex Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea latro (Rchb.f. ex Cogn.) V.P.Castro & Chiron (2003).
  • Prosthechea leopardina (Rchb.f.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999).
  • Prosthechea lindenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea linkiana (Klotzsch) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea livida (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998)
  • Prosthechea longipes (Rchb.f.) Chiron (2005)
  • Prosthechea maculosa (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea magnispatha (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea megahybos (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999).
  • Prosthechea michuacana (Lex.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998)
  • Prosthechea micropus (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (2005)
  • Prosthechea moojenii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea mulasii Soto Arenas & L.Cerv. (2002 publ. 2003).
  • Prosthechea neglecta Pupulin (2001).
  • Prosthechea neurosa (Ames) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea obpiribulbon (Hágsater) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea ochracea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea ochrantha (A.Rich.) (ined.)
  • Prosthechea ortizii (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea pamplonensis (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea panthera (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea papilio (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea pastoris (Lex.) Espejo & López-Ferr. (2000).
  • Prosthechea pringlei (Rolfe) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea prismatocarpa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea pterocarpa (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea pulcherrima (Klotzsch) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea pulchra Dodson & W.E.Higgins (2001).
  • Prosthechea punctifera (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea pygmaea (Hook.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea racemifera (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea radiata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea regnelliana (Hoehne & Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea rhombilabia (S.Rosillo) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea rhynchophora (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea sceptra (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea semiaptera (Hágsater) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea serrulata (Sw.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea sessiliflora (Edwall) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea silvana Cath. & V.P.Castro (2003).
  • Prosthechea sima (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea spondiada (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea suzanensis (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea tardiflora Mora-Ret. ex Pupulin (2001).
  • Prosthechea tigrina (Linden ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea tripunctata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea trulla (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea vagans (Ames) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea varicosa (Bateman ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea vasquezii Christenson (2003).
  • Prosthechea venezuelana (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea vespa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea vinacea Christenson (2003).
  • Prosthechea vitellina (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
  • Prosthechea widgrenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).
{{div col end}}

Gallery

References

  • {{cite journal|author=Higgins, W. E.|title= A reconsideration of the genus Prosthechea (Orchidaceae)|journal= Phytologia|volume= 82|pages= 370–383|year=1997 |origyear=1998}}
  • {{cite journal|author=Higgins, W. E., van den Berg, C., Whitten, W. M.|title= A Combined Molecular Phylogeny of Encyclia (Orchidaceae) and Relationships within Laeliinae|journal=Selbyana|volume= 23|pages= 165–179|year= 2003}}
  • {{cite journal|author=Van den Berg, C.|title= Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae--III. Notes on Cattleya and Quisqueya, and a new combination in Prosthechea|journal= Lindleyana|volume= 16|issue=3:|pages=142, 143|year=2001}}
  • {{cite journal|author1=PIRES M.D.F.D.O. |author2=SEMIR J. |author3=PINNA G.F.D.A.M.D. |author4=FELIX L.P. |title=Taxonomic separation of the genera Prosthechea and Encyclia (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) using leaf and root anatomical features |journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society| volume= 143|issue= 3|date=November 2003|pages=. 293–303|doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00195.x}}
  • {{cite journal|author = Chiron, G.R.| title = An Introduction to the Genus Prosthechea|journal = The orchid Review| volume=111|issue=1250|year = 2003}}
  • {{cite journal | author=Chiron, G. R. |title= Contribution a l'etude de Prosthechea section Parviloba (Orchidaceae)|journal= Richardiana| volume= 5|issue=3|pages= 129–153|year=2005}} (in French)
  • {{cite journal|author = Pabst, G. F., J. L. Moutinho, and A. V. Pinto|title= An attempt to establish the correct statement for genus Anacheilium Hoffmanns. and revision of the genus Hormidium Lindl. ex Heynh.|journal= Bradea|volume= 3|pages= 173–186|year=1981}}

Footnotes

1. ^{{PLANTS|id=PROST|taxon=Prosthechea|accessdate=14 October 2015}}
2. ^C. L. Withner, Brassavola, Encyclia, and other genera of Mexico and Central America. The Cattleyas and their Relatives Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 1998
3. ^reported in W. E. Higgins: "PROSTHECHEA A CHEMICAL DISCONTINUITY IN LAELIINAE", Lankesteriana 7(2003)39-41
4. ^1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
5. ^Flora of North America v 26 p 613, Prosthechea Knowles & Westcott, Fl. Cab. 2: 111. 1838.
6. ^W. E. Higgins, "PROSTHECHEA A CHEMICAL DISCONTINUITY IN LAELIINAE", Lankesteriana 7(2003)39-41, available online at http://www.jardinbotanicolankester.org/lankesteriana/Lankesteriana%20vol.%203.%202003/Lankesteriana%20N%207/Numeroporsecciones/17%20Higgins.pdf

External links

  • {{Commons-inline|Prosthechea|Prosthechea}}
  • {{Wikispecies-inline|Prosthechea|Prosthechea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1955309}}

3 : Prosthechea|Laeliinae genera|Epiphytic orchids
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