| 词条 | Prostitution in Belgium |
| 释义 |
Most Belgian cities have a red-light district, often with window prostitution.[5] In 2015 it was estimated that there were 26,000 prostitutes in Belgium,[4] many of them are from Bulgaria.[5] A report commissioned by the National Bank of Belgium,[6] estimated a turnover of 840 million Euro in 2015.[7] The most important segments of the market seem to be escort and private prostitution, rather than the more visible forms of window or street prostitution. Legal FrameworkPrior to 1946 prostitution was regulated by the municipalities,[2] with mandatory registration and medical checks.[8] In 1946 Federal legislation replaced local control of prostitution, however the municipalities could still regulate in their local area for the sake of public order or morality[2] Prostitution and paying for sexual services were not prohibited in the 1946 legislation, but Article 380 added the following offences:[2]
The 1995 Criminal Law Reform Act made some modification to the existing laws:[2][9]
In 2005 the 1995 Act was amended to give greater power against human trafficking, including an increase in maximum sentences.[3] It also brought Belgium law in line with EU and international instruments that had been introduced in the previous years.[10] Proposed reformsThere have been a number of draft bills proposing changes to the existing prostitution laws. Proposals from the pro-prostitution camp have included licensing brothels and giving special status within the law to sex-workers. The anti-prostitution lobby proposals have included the banning of windows and criminalisation of paying for sexual services (Nordic Model). As the legislature has been split over its views, none of the bills have succeeded.[2] Local controlMunicipalities can impose local regulation on public order or morality grounds. Generally these powers were little used until the 2000s, most preferring an "unregulated tolerance" approach.[2] In the 2000s the municipalities took different approaches to regulation. Some, such as Liege and Ghent, banned window prostitution[11] or moved it out of its traditional locations in the city centres.[2] Others, such as Antwerp totally restructured its red-light district and heavily regulated it.[2][12] Seraing is planning to build a new 'Eros Centre' to replace the existing windows.[2][13][14] HistoryProstitution was known to exist in what is now Belgium since the middle ages.[15] Regulation of prostitutes was introduced during the Burgundian regime (1384–1482) but often ignored.[8][16] In Brussels, the public executioner was tasked with controlling the trade in the city.[8] During the French regime (1794–1814) prostitutes were required to have mandatory health checks in hospitals.[8] After the Belgian Revolution brought about independence in 1830, the regulations set up by the French continued.[16] In 1844 identity cards were issued to prostitutes and twice weekly medical check-ups were required.[8] The "White Slave Scandal" ("affaire des petite Anglaises") in 1880/1881 brought prostitution in Brussels into the spotlight. Over 40 minors, mainly English girls, were found to be working in brothels after being lured to Brussels[15] with promises of work in bars and nightclubs.[8] As well as those involved being prosecuted, the Mayor and Head of Police in Brussels were forced to resign.[15] During WW1, the occupying Germans took over control of prostitution. In an attempt to prevent the spread of STIs amongst their troops, the trade was strictly regulated and girls forced to undergo regular health checks.[15] The regulatory regime was regarded as discriminatory towards women in the 1940s,[8] leading to Isabelle Blume's proposals being passed as federal law in 1946.[15] Sex Trafficking{{see also|Human trafficking in Belgium}}Belgium is listed by the UNODC as a destination for victims of human trafficking,[17] the victims being mainly Moroccan, Romanian, Chinese, Nigerian, Bulgarian and Tunisian nationals.[10] The efforts by the Belgium authorities to eradicate trafficking was cited by UN Special Rapporteur Urmila Bhoola as "an example of good practice" in 2015[18] In 2016, 184 people were prosecuted for sex trafficking and 144 victims of trafficking were assisted. The victims are given help in specialised NGO-run shelters and when they leave the shelters, they are given protection, residence and employment permits and access to legal services.[17] In 2017 there were 176 sex traffickers prosecuted and 59 victims assisted.[44] The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Belgium as a 'Tier 1' country.[19] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100550.htm |title=Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Belgium |publisher=State.gov |date=2008-03-11 |accessdate=2010-03-31}} {{Europe in topic|Prostitution in}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |url= http://www.beobachtungsstelle-gesellschaftspolitik.de/f/18c81917c6.pdf |title= Prostitution in Belgium: federal legislation and regulation at the local level |last= Reinschmidt |first= Lena |date= June 2016 |website= |publisher= Observatory for Sociopolitical Developments in Europe |access-date= 11 November 2016 |quote= }} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm |title= Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 |last= |first= |date= 14 June 2010 |website= |publisher= U.S. Department of State |access-date= 11 November 2017 |quote= }} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.brusselstimes.com/brussels/3028/prostitution-on-the-grow-in-belgium |title= Prostitution on the rise in Belgium |last= Johansson |first= Sarah |date= 15 May 2015 |website= Brussels Times |publisher= |access-date= 11 November 2017 |quote= }} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = Sex trafficking and money laundering: the case of Bulgaria|last = Petrunov|first = Georgi|publisher = Risk Monitor|year = 2009|isbn = |location = |url=http://www.riskmonitor.bg/js/tiny_mce/plugins/ajaxfilemanager/upload/Reports/RM-02-SexTrafficking_EN.pdf|pages = 16}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url = https://www.nbb.be/doc/dq/e/dq3/histo/ief0925.pdf|title = A new measure of the economic importance of prostitution in Belgium|last = National Bank of Belgium|first = |date = |work = |access-date = 3 December 2015|via = }} 7. ^{{Cite journal|title = A direct measure of output in prostitution in Belgium|url = http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.4868.6807|doi = 10.13140/rg.2.1.4868.6807}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last= State |first= Paul F. |date= 27 July 2004 |title= Historical Dictionary of Brussels |url= |location= |publisher= Scarecrow Press |page= |isbn= 978-0810850750 |author-link= }} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://people.exeter.ac.uk/watupman/undergrad/aac/belgique.htm |title= The Situation in Belgium |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= Exeter University |access-date= 11 November 2017 |quote= }} 10. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/member-states/belgium-2-institutional-and-legal-framework_en |title= Belgium - 2. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK |last= |first= |date= |website= TOGETHER AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS |publisher= European Commission |access-date= 12 November 2017 |quote= }} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.sudinfo.be/1243063/article/2015-03-19/prostitution-a-liege-elles-tapinent-pour-payer-leur-loyer |title= Prostitution à Liège: elles tapinent pour payer leur loyer |last= |first= |date= 19 March 2015 |website= Sud Info |publisher= |access-date= 29 October 2017 |language= French }} 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.amsterdam-red-light-district-maps.com/Antwerp.html |title= Antwerp's Red Light District |last= |first= |date= |website= Amsterdam Red Light District Maps, Photos, Hotels, Videos |publisher= |access-date= 29 October 2017 |quote= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.rtc.be/video/info/seraing-prostitution_1491446_325.html |title= Seraing prostitution |last= |first= |date= 18 March 2011 |website= RTE Tele Liege |publisher= |access-date= 29 October 2017 |quote= }} 14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.seraing.be//?s=Eros+Center&x=0&y=0 |title= Eros Center |last= |first= |date= 17 February 2015 |website= Seraing |publisher= |access-date= 29 October 2017 |quote= }} 15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last= Kinsie |first= Paul |title= Trafficking in Women (1924-1926) The Paul Kinsie Reports for the League of Nations - Vol. 1 |url= |location= |publisher= United Nations |pages= 33–36 |isbn= 9789210601559 |author-link= |year= 2017 }} 16. ^1 {{cite book |last= Kinsie |first= Paul |title= Trafficking in Women (1924-1926) The Paul Kinsie Reports for the League of Nations - Vol. 1 |url= |location= |publisher= United Nations |pages= 13–18 |isbn= 9789210601559 |author-link= |year= 2017 }} 17. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271145.htm |title= 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |access-date= 12 November 2017 |quote= }} 18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.unric.org/en/latest-un-buzz/29666-un-special-rapporteur-praises-belgiums-approach-to-tackling-modern-slavery |title= UN Special Rapporteur praises Belgium's approach to tackling modern slavery |last= |first= |date= 26 February 2015 |website= |publisher= United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe |access-date= 12 November 2017 |quote= }} 19. ^1 {{cite web |title=Belgium 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282612.htm |website=U.S. Department of State |accessdate=26 July 2018}}{{PD-notice}} 1 : Prostitution in Belgium |
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