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词条 Ecolo
释义

  1. Electoral results

     Federal Parliament (Chamber of Representatives) and Senate   Regional parliaments  Brussels Parliament  German-speaking Community Parliament  Walloon Parliament  European Parliament 

  2. Elected politicians

     Current  Past 

  3. Important figures

  4. See also

  5. References

{{refimprove|date=October 2016}}{{Infobox political party
| name = Ecolo
| logo = Ecolo Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| colorcode = {{Ecolo/meta/color}}
| country = Belgium
| leader = Jean-Marc Nollet and Zakia Khattabi
| foundation = 1980
| ideology = {{nowrap|Green politics[1][2]}}
| position = Left-wing[2]
| international = Global Greens
| european = European Green Party
| europarl = The Greens–European Free Alliance
| colours = Green
| cartel =
| affiliation1_title = Flemish counterpart
| affiliation1 = Groen
| headquarters = Espace Kegeljan
Av. de Marlagne 52 Namur
| seats1_title = Chamber of Representatives
{{small|(French-speaking seats)}}
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|6|63|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = Senate
{{small|(French-speaking seats)}}
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|24|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = Parliament of Wallonia
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|4|75|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = Parliament of the French Community
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|6|94|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = Brussels Parliament
{{small|(French-speaking seats)}}
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|8|72|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = Parliament of the German-speaking Community
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|2|25|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = European Parliament
{{small|(French-speaking seats)}}
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|1|8|hex={{Ecolo/meta/color}}}}
| website = www.ecolo.be
}}{{Green politics sidebar}}

Ecolo (which is officially a backronym for Écologistes Confédérés pour l'organisation de luttes originales "Confederated ecologists for the organisation of original struggles", but is really just short for écologistes, French for environmentalists) is a French-speaking political party in Belgium based on green politics.[1][3] The party is active in Wallonia, the Brussels-Capital Region, and the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

Ecolo was part of the 1999 Verhofstadt I Government, but withdrew from the coalition before the 2003 general election, which saw it lose nearly two thirds of its 14 federal parliamentary seats in the face of a resurgent Socialist Party. The party made quite a comeback, however, in the 2007 general election, though failing to match the peak popularity it had enjoyed in 1999. In the general election of 10 June 2007, the party won eight out of 150 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and two out of the 40 directly elected seats in the Senate.

In the 2010 elections the party again won eight seats in the Chamber of Representatives and two in the Senate.[4]

Ecolo's Flemish equivalent is Groen; the two parties maintain close relations with each other.

Electoral results

Federal Parliament (Chamber of Representatives) and Senate

year of
general
election		Chamber of RepresentativesFederal GovernmentSenate
# of
votes for
this party		 # of
total valid
votes for all
parties		 % of
overall
valid vote		 # of
overall
seats won		 +/– relationship of
this party to the gov.		 # of
votes for
this party		 # of
total valid
votes for all
parties		 % of
overall
valid vote		 # of
overall
seats won		 +/–
1977[5][6] 3,834 5,575,058 0.070|212|hex=Green}} {{steady}} 0not in parliament}} 7,558 5,525,971 0.140|106|hex=Green}} {{steady}}
1978[7][8] 21,224 5,535,631 0.380|212|hex=Green}} {{steady}} 0not in parliament}} 43,883 5,479,246 0.800|106|hex=Green}} {{steady}}
1981[9][10] 132,312 6,025,027 2.202|212|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 2in opposition}} 153,989 5,968,429 2.583|106|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 3
1985[11][12] 152,483 6,064,260 2.515|212|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 3in opposition}} 163,361 5,994,431 2.732|106|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 1
1987[13][14] 157,988 6,145,207 2.573|212|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 2in opposition}} 168,491 6,092,168 2.772|106|hex=Green}} {{steady}} 0
1991[15][16] 312,624 6,162,160 5.0710|212|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 7in opposition of
Dehaene I government}}		 323,683 6,117,614 5.296|106|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 4
1995[17][18] 243,362 6,072,051 4.016|150|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 4in opposition of
Dehaene II government}}		 258,635 5,992,325 4.322|106|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 4
1999[19][20] 457,281 6,214,074 7.3611|150|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 5in coalition of
Verhofstadt I Government}}		 458,658 6,194,371 7.403|40|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 1
2003[21][22] 201,118 6,572,189 3.064|150|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 7in opposition of
Verhofstadt II Government}}		 208,868 6,551,511 3.191|40|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 2
2007[23] 340,378 6,671,360 5.108|150|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 4in opposition of
Verhofstadt III Government,
Leterme I Government,
Van Rompuy Government
and Leterme II Government}}		 385,466 5.82|40|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 1
2010[24] 313,047 6,527,367 4.808|150|hex=Green}} {{steady}} 0in opposition of
Di Rupo Government}}		 353,111 5.52|40|hex=Green}} {{steady}} 0
2014[25] 222,524 6,744,547 3.306|150|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 2in opposition of
Michel I Government}}

Regional parliaments

Brussels Parliament

Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 % of language
group vote		 # of
overall seats won		 # of language
group seats won		 +/– Government
1989 44,87410.24 (#5){{Composition bar|8|75|hex=Green}}in opposition}}
1995 37,3089.03 (#4){{Composition bar|7|75|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 1in opposition}}
1999 77,96918.3 (#2){{Composition bar|14|75|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 7in opposition}}
2004 37,908 9.7 (#4)7|89|hex=Green}}7|72|hex=Lightgrey}} {{decrease}} 1in coalition}}
2009 82,663 20.2 (#3)16|89|hex=Green}}16|72|hex=Lightgrey}} {{increase}} 9in coalition}}
2014 41,368 10.11 (#5)8|89|hex=Green}}8|72|hex=Lightgrey}} {{decrease}} 8in opposition}}

German-speaking Community Parliament

Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 % of language
group vote		 # of
overall seats won		 # of language
group seats won		 +/– Government
1990 5,89715.0 (#5){{Composition bar|4|25|hex=Green}}in opposition}}
1995 5,12813.9 (#4){{Composition bar|3|25|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 1in opposition}}
1999 4,69412.7 (#5){{Composition bar|3|25|hex=Green}} {{steady}} 0in coalition}}
2004 2,9728.2 (#5){{Composition bar|2|25|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 1in opposition}}
2009 4,31011.5 (#5){{Composition bar|3|25|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 1in opposition}}
2014 3,5919.5 (#6){{Composition bar|2|25|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 1in opposition}}

Walloon Parliament

Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 % of language
group vote		 # of
overall seats won		 # of language
group seats won		 +/– Government
1995 196,98810.4 (#4){{Composition bar|8|75|hex=Green}}in opposition}}
1999 347,22518.2 (#3){{Composition bar|14|75|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 6in coalition}}
2004 167,9168.5 (#4){{Composition bar|3|75|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 11in opposition}}
2009 372,06718.54 (#3){{Composition bar|14|75|hex=Green}} {{increase}} 11in coalition}}
2014 141,8138.62 (#4){{Composition bar|4|75|hex=Green}} {{decrease}} 10in opposition}}

European Parliament

French-speaking electoral college
Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 % of electoral
college vote		 # of
overall seats won		 # of electoral
college seats won		 +/–
1979 107,833 2.0 5.1 (#5)0|24|hex=Green}}0|11|hex=Lightgrey}}
1984 220,663 9.9 (#4)1|24|hex=Green}}1|11|hex=Lightgrey}} {{increase}} 1
1989 371,053 16.6 (#4)2|24|hex=Green}}2|11|hex=Lightgrey}} {{increase}} 1
1994 290,859 13.0 (#4)1|25|hex=Green}}1|10|hex=Lightgrey}} {{decrease}} 1
1999 525,316 22.7 (#3)3|25|hex=Green}}3|10|hex=Lightgrey}} {{increase}} 2
2004 239,687 9.8 (#4)1|24|hex=Green}}1|9|hex=Lightgrey}} {{decrease}} 2
2009 562,081 22.9 (#3)2|22|hex=Green}}2|8|hex=Lightgrey}} {{increase}} 1
2014 284,656 11.7 (#3)1|21|hex=Green}}1|8|hex=Lightgrey}} {{decrease}} 1
German-speaking electoral college
Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 % of electoral
college vote		 # of
overall seats won		 # of electoral
college seats won		 +/–
1994 5,714 14.9 (#4)0|25|hex=Green}}0|1|hex=Lightgrey}}
1999 6,276 17.0 (#3)0|25|hex=Green}}0|1|hex=Lightgrey}} {{steady}} 0
2004 3,880 10.5 (#4)0|24|hex=Green}}0|1|hex=Lightgrey}} {{steady}} 0
2009 6,025 15.6 (#3)0|22|hex=Green}}0|1|hex=Lightgrey}} {{steady}} 0

Elected politicians

Current

Chamber of Representatives
  • 2010 – 2014:
    1. Ronny Balcaen
    2. Juliette Boulet
    3. Olivier Deleuze (resigned in 2012; replaced by Lahssaini Fouad)
    4. Zoé Genot
    5. Muriel Gerkens
    6. George Gilkinet
    7. Eric Jadot
    8. Thérèse Snoy et d'Oppuers
Brussels-Capital Region Parlement
  • 2009 – 2014:
    1. Aziz Albishari
    2. Dominique Braeckman
    3. Jean-Claude Defosse
    4. Céline Delforge
    5. Anne Dirix
    6. Anne Herscovici
    7. Zakia Khattabi
    8. Vincent Lurquin
    9. Alain Maron
    10. Jacques Morel
    11. Ahmed Mouhssin
    12. Marie Nagy
    13. Yaron Pesztat
    14. Arnaud Pinxteren
    15. Barbara Trachte
    16. Vincent Vanhalewyn

Past

Chamber of Representatives
  • 1995 – 1999:
    1. Philippe Dallons
    2. Olivier Deleuze
    3. Thierry Detienne
    4. Mylène Nys (20 April 1999) {{small|(replaced Vincent Decroly)}}
    5. Martine Schüttringer
    6. Jean-Pierre Viseur
    7. 1999 – 2003:
    8. Marie-Thérèse Coenen
    9. Martine Dardenne
    10. Vincent Decroly
    11. Olivier Deleuze → Zoé Genot (14 July 1999)
    12. Thierry Detienne → Muriel Gerkens (23 July 1999)
    13. Claudine Drion
    14. Michèle Gilkinet
    15. Mirella Minne
    16. Géraldine Pelzer-Salandra
    17. Paul Timmermans → Bernard Baille (1 September 2002)
    18. Jean-Pierre Viseur → Gérard Gobert (10 January 2001)
  • 2003 – 2007:
    1. Zoé Genot {{small|(replaced Olivier Deleuze)}}
    2. Muriel Gerkens
    3. Gérard Gobert {{small|(replaced Jean-Marc Nollet)}}
    4. Marie Nagy
    5. 2007 – 2010:
    6. Juliette Boulet
    7. Zoé Genot
    8. Muriel Gerkens
    9. Georges Gilkinet
    10. Philippe Henry
    11. Fouad Lahssaini
    12. Jean-Marc Nollet
    13. Thérèse Snoy et d'Oppuers
Brussels-Capital Region Parlement
  • 2004 – 2009:
    1. Dominique Braeckman
    2. Alain Daems
    3. Céline Delforge
    4. Christos Doulkeridis
    5. Josy Dubié
    6. Paul Galand
    7. Yaron Pesztat

Important figures

  • José Daras
  • Josy Dubié
  • Isabelle Durant
  • Muriel Gerkens
  • Evelyne Huytebroeck
  • Jacky Morael
  • Jean-Marc Nollet

See also

{{Portal|Sustainable development|Environment|Ecology}}
  • Green party
  • Green politics
  • List of environmental organizations

References

1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/wallonia.html|title=Wallonia/Belgium|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2014|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}}
2. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=van Haute |editor1-first=Emily |title=Green Parties in Europe |date=28 April 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317124542 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LNgRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Groen+belgium+%22left-wing%22&source=bl&ots=EpL7eUgmCW&sig=pBwEKwKubMHG34okoLvM6q2Yjh0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOmLadte_bAhXOuVkKHbK2BzgQ6AEIZDAH#v=onepage&q=Groen%20belgium%20%22left-wing%22&f=false |accessdate=25 June 2018}}
3. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko|author2=Matti Mälkiä|title=Encyclopedia of Digital Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDrTMazYhdkC&pg=PA397|accessdate=18 July 2013|year=2007|publisher=Idea Group Inc (IGI)|isbn=978-1-59140-790-4|pages=397–}}
4. ^IBZ: Official Results, retrieved 20 August 2010
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1977-04-17&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 17-04-1977 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1977-04-17|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1977-04-17&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 17-04-1977 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1977-04-17|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1978-12-17&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 17-12-1978 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1978-12-17|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1978-12-17&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 17-12-1978 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1978-12-17|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1981-11-08&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697 |title=Date: 08-11-1981 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1981-11-08|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1981-11-08&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 08-11-1981 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1981-11-08|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1985-10-13&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 13-10-1985 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1985-10-13|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1985-10-13&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 13-10-1985 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1985-10-13|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1987-12-13&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 13-12-1987 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1987-12-13|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1987-12-13&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 13-12-1987 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1987-12-13|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1991-11-24&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 24-11-1991 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1991-11-24|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1991-11-24&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 24-11-1991 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1991-11-24|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1995-05-21&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697 |title=Date: 21-05-1995 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1995-05-21|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1995-05-21&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 21-05-1995 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1995-05-21|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1999-06-13&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 13-06-1999 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1999-06-13|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=1999-06-13&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 13-06-1999 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=1999-06-13|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=2003-05-18&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 18-05-2003 / Type d'élection: Chambre / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=2003-05-18|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/fr/result_ko.php?date=2003-05-18&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263&party_id=697|title=Date: 18-05-2003 / Type d'élection: Sénat / Type de circonscription: Royaume / Circonscription: Le Royaume|date=2003-05-18|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be|access-date=2019-03-11|language=French}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://polling2007.belgium.be/en/cha/results/results_tab_etop.html |title=Elections 2007 - Chamber - List Results Kingdom -|date=2007-06-29|publisher=Federal Public Service Interior|access-date=2019-03-11|language=English}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://polling2010.belgium.be/en/cha/results/results_tab_CKR00000.html|title=Elections 2010 - Chamber - List Results Kingdom -|date=2010-07-08|publisher=Federal Public Service Interior|access-date=2019-03-11|language=English}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://polling2014.belgium.be/en/cha/results/results_tab_CKR00000.html |title=Elections 2014 - Chamber - List Results Kingdom -|date=2014-06-06|publisher=Federal Public Service Interior|access-date=2019-03-11|language=English}}
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