“Protected areas of Himachal Pradesh”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Forests in the state of Himachal Pradesh (northern India) currently cover an area of nearly {{convert|37,691|sqkm}}, which is about 38.3% of the total land area of the state. The forests were once considered to be the main source of income of the state^[1] and most of the original forests were clear felled. The emphasis has shifted, however, from exploitation to conservation. The state government aims to increase forest cover to 50% of the total land area. There have been various projects, including the establishment of protected areas such as National Parks, designed to preserve and expand the forests.

Preservation and nationalisation of forests

Steps are being taken to intensify environmental preservation and sustainable development in the Himachal Pradesh region. All remaining forests in Himachal Pradesh have been nationalised under the supervision of the officers like Indian forest service, Himachal Forest Service and seasoned Range/Dy.Range Forest Officers.^[2] Felling of trees and sale of timber is now controlled by the State Forest Corporation, and an Enforcement Organisation has been established to prevent the illegal felling of trees and the smuggling of timber. Hunting has also been restricted.^[3]

The government has created 33 Sanctuaries, two National Parks. Additional national parks sites are proposed.^[4]

Reafforestation programs

A World Bank assisted Social Forestry Project has been launched. The aim of the project is to plant more trees for fuel, fodder, and timber to meet the basic requirements of the local people, thus avoiding depletion of the old growth forests. The deforested Kandi areas are also being reafforested in another project financially assisted by the World Bank.

Other programs

An integrated water shed department project for Shivaliks is also under construction.

Fact and figures

Sanctuaries and National Parks

Himachal Pradesh has five national parks and thirty-two wildlife sanctuaries, which are listed below:^[5]

Gallery

References

1. ^{{Cite book|last=Sharma |first=L. R. |year=1987 |title=The Economy of Himachal Pradesh: Growth and Structure: a Study in Development Performance |location=Delhi |publisher=Mittal Publications |oclc=16352893 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015055350063 }}
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Vasan |first=Sudha |year=2002 |title=Ethnography of the forest guard: contrasting discourses, conflicting roles and policy implementation |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=37 |issue=40 |pages=4125–4133 |jstor=4412694 }}
3. ^{{Cite web|title=Himachal Pradesh: Economy: Forest in Himachal |publisher=WebIndia 123 |date=2000 |url=http://www.webindia123.com/himachal/economy/forest.htm }}
4. ^Himachal Tourism Department
5. ^¹{{Cite web|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Himachal Pradesh |date=22 January 2014 |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India |url=http://www.wii.gov.in/eia/wildlife_database/himachal_pradesh |}}
6. ^¹²Sainj WLS and Tirthan WLS were merged into the Great Himalayan National Park in 2010. {{Cite web|title=Department Notification Number FFE-B-F(6)11/2005, Great Himalayan National Park |date=28 July 2010 |author=Department of Forest, Government of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas |url=http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/hp_great%20himalayan%20np.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111211435/http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/hp_great%20himalayan%20np.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}
7. ^¹²³⁴{{Cite web|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Himachal Pradesh |date=2000 |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India |url=http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_himachal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041224084937/http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_himachal.htm |archive-date=24 December 2004 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy}}
8. ^{{Cite web|title=Department Notification Number FFE-B-F(6)11/2005, Simbalbara National Park |date=28 July 2010 |author=Department of Forest, Government of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas |url=http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/hp_simbalbara%20np.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111221718/http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/hp_simbalbara%20np.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}
9. ^{{Cite web|title=Department Notification Number FFE-B-F(6)-2/99-II, Lipa Asrang Wild Life Sanctuary |date=16 March 2002 |author=Department of Forests, Government of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India |url=http://www.wii.gov.in/images/himachalpradesh/LippaAsrangWLS.pdf }}
10. ^¹Sangla Wildlife Sanctuary was renamed and decreased in size in 2001. {{Cite web|title=Department Notification Number FFE-B-F(6)2199-II, Rakchham-Chhitkul Wildlife Sanctuary |date=7 September 2001 |author=Department of Forest, Government of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas |url=http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/hp_raksham%20chitkul%20(sangla)%20valley%20wls.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111202058/http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/hp_raksham%20chitkul%20(sangla)%20valley%20wls.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}