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词条 Protector of Aborigines
释义

  1. Protectors of Aborigines

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Use Australian English|date=July 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}

The office of the Protector of Aborigines was established pursuant to a recommendation contained in the Report of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Aboriginal Tribes, (British settlements.) of the House of Commons. On 31 January 1838, Lord Glenelg, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies sent Governor Gipps the report.

The report recommended that Protectors of Aborigines should be engaged. They would be required to learn the Aboriginal language and their duties would be to watch over the rights of Aborigines, guard against encroachment on their property and to protect them from acts of cruelty, oppression and injustice. The Port Phillip Protectorate was established with George Augustus Robinson as chief protector and four full-time protectors.[1]

While the role was nominally to protect Aborigines, particularly in remote areas, the role included social control up to the point of controlling whom individuals were able to marry and where they lived and managing their financial affairs.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

As well as Robinson, A. O. Neville and Edward John Eyre were notable Protectors of Aborigines.

Matthew Moorhouse was the first Protector of Aborigines in South Australia. He led the Rufus River massacre, which slaughtered 30-to-40 Aborigines.[2]

The Aborigines Welfare Board in New South Wales was abolished in 1969. By then, all states and territories had repealed the legislation allowing for the removal of Aboriginal children under the policy of "protection".{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

Protectors of Aborigines

{{expand list|date=January 2016}}

Protectors of Aborigines around Australia included:

  • Victoria (Port Phillip Protectorate, 1839–1849)
    • George Augustus Robinson, (Chief Protector) 1839 to 1849
    • James Dredge, (Assistant Protector) 1839–1840[3][4]
    • Charles Sievwright, (Assistant Protector) Western District including Geelong 1838–1842 [5]
    • Edward Stone Parker, (Assistant Protector) Loddon and Northwest District, 1839–1849
    • William Thomas, (Assistant Protector) Central Protectorate District of Westernport, 1839–1849
  • Victoria
    • William Thomas, Guardian of Aborigines in the counties of Bourke, Mornington and Evelyn, 1850-
  • South Australia
    • Interim appointments (1836–1839)[6]
    • George Stevenson
    • Capt. Walter Bromley
    • William Wyatt
    • Gazetted appointments
    • Matthew Moorhouse, 1839-06-20 – 1856-03-31[6]
    • John Walter 1861-11-21 – 1868-09-26[6]
    • Edward Lee Hamilton, 1873–1908[6][7]
    • William Garnett South, 1908–1923[7]
    • Edward John Eyre, Sub-Protector on the Murray River 1841–1847
    • Edward Bate Scott, Sub-Protector on the Murray River, 1848–1857 and later as Protector of Aborigines[8]
  • Northern Territory (part of South Australia until 1911)
    • Walter Baldwin Spencer
    • Francis James Gillen, 1892-
    • William Edward Harney, 1940 to 1947
    • Xavier Herbert
    • Cecil Cook[9][10][11]
  • Queensland
    • Walter Roth, 1898–1904
    • Archibald Meston, 1898 to 1903
    • Patrick Killoran, 1963 to 1986[12]
  • Western Australia
    • Henry Charles Prinsep, 1898 to 1907[13][14]
    • Charles Frederick Gale, 1907 to 1915[15][16]
    • Auber Octavius Neville, 1917 to 1936. Neville was appointed Commissioner of Native Affairs from 1936 to 1940, see also the Moseley Royal Commission.[17][18]
    • Francis Illingworth Bray, 1940 to 1947. Commissioner of Native Affairs.[19][20]
    • Stanley Guise Middleton, 1948 to 1962. The Commissioner of Native Affairs was the head of the Department of Native Affairs (Commissioner of Native Welfare from June 1955).[21][22]
    • Frank Ellis Gare, 1962 to 1972. The last Commissioner of Native Welfare.[23]

See also

Compare:

  • Indian Agent (Canada)
  • Indian Agent (United States)
  • Department of Aboriginal Affairs (Western Australia)

References

1. ^{{cite book | editor = Aplin, Graeme |editor2=S.G. Foster |editor3=Michael McKernan | title = Australians:Events and Places | year = 1987 | publisher = Fairfax, Syme and Weldon Associates | isbn = 0-949288-13-6|pages=47–8}}
2. ^{{cite web|publisher=State Library of South Australia |url=http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1322#friction|title=Friction between overlanders and Australian Aboriginals|access-date=28 August 2018}}
3. ^http://webjournals.ac.edu.au/ojs/index.php/ADEB/article/view/1268/1265
4. ^http://latrobejournal.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-61/t1-g-t4.html
5. ^"Sievwright, Charles Wightman (1800–1855)", Australian Dictionary of Biography.
6. ^1 2 3 http://www.firstsources.info/uploads/3/4/5/4/34544232/_7._protectors_letter-books_1892-1906.pdf
7. ^1  Foster R. (2000), "[https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200105429;res=IELAPA;type=pdf 'endless trouble and agitation': Aboriginal activism in the Protectionist era]", Journal of the Historical Society of South Australia, 28: 15-27.
8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5731562 |title=SEVENTY YEARS A COLONIST. |newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=3 July 1909 |accessdate=3 January 2016 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}
9. ^Reports on actions of Dr Cecil Cook {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819075648/http://uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/contents.asp?cID=56 |date=2006-08-19 }}.
10. ^Dr Cook was the Chief Protector of Aborigines during the trial and appeal of Dhakiyarr Wirrpanda. The first Aboriginal Australian whose case was heard in the High Court {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206165547/http://uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/contents-long.asp?sID=13 |date=2006-02-06 }} (at the National Archives of Australia)
11. ^Hossain, Samia. "Norman Haire and Cecil Cook on Procedures of Sterilisation in the Inter-War Period." In Historicising Whiteness: Transnational Perspectives on the Construction of an Identity, edited by Leigh Boucher, Jane Carey, and Katherine Ellinghaus, 454-63. Melbourne: RMIT Publishing, 2007.
12. ^Tony Koch, (2 November 2010), Notorious bureaucrat who oppressed Aborigines dies unlamented, The Australian accessed 24 November 2013
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87173310 |title=Golden Wedding. |newspaper=Bunbury Herald |location=Western Australia |date=9 March 1918 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28833880 |title=News and notes|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=12 December 1907 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article99839213 |title=South and West Australia. |newspaper=The Albury Banner and Wodonga Express |location=New South Wales |date=20 December 1907 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=34 |via=National Library of Australia}}
16. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37595031 |title=Our Calendar |newspaper=Western Mail |location=Perth |date=5 November 1915 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=31 |via=National Library of Australia}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37981881 |title=Internal Troubles|newspaper=Western Mail |location=Perth |date=23 February 1917 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=29 |via=National Library of Australia}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49629759 |title=Former Public Servant dies at home|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=20 April 1954 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article74941092 |title=Native Affairs. |newspaper=The Northern Times |location=Carnarvon, Western Australia |date=17 October 1940 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}
20. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47675412 |title=Mr. F. I. BRAY Dead|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=7 October 1949 |accessdate=24 November 2013 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}
21. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95696602 |title=Native Affairs. |newspaper=Kalgoorlie Miner |location=Western Australia |date=28 July 1948 |accessdate=23 November 2013 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}
22. ^{{cite book|last1=Kral|first1=Inge|title=Talk, Text and Technology: Literacy and Social Practice in a Remote Indigenous Community|date=2012|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=Bristol, UK|isbn=9781847697592|page=113|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=wI_VXV3L5rYC&pg=PA113|accessdate=18 April 2016|chapter=Everything was Different because of the Changing}}
23. ^{{cite news|last1=Wilson-Clark|first1=Charlie|title=He heralded a new era for Aborigines |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/15/1076779831729.html?from=storyrhs|accessdate=18 April 2016|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=16 February 2004}}

External links

  • Protector's Annual Reports: 1839-1950s  —First Sources
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808083502/http://www.sro.wa.gov.au/pdfs/cpaf-intro.pdf An Index to the Chief Protector of Aborigines (Western Australia) Files 1898–1908 [PDF])]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607054603/http://www.mup.unimelb.edu.au/catalogue/0-522-84744-7.html Black Robinson: Protector of Aborigines. Vivienne Rae-Ellis. A controversial study of George ('Black') Robinson, first Chief Protector of Aborigines in Australia]  —Melbourne University Press
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060215092550/http://www.atmitchell.com/journeys/social/indigenous/robinson.cfm George Augustus Robinson, was a NSW Chief Protector of Aborigines in the early 1800s, George Augustus Robinson]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20051210144304/http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/heritage/collection/8.cfm NSW State Library Protector of Aborigines Heritage Collection – the journals and papers of George Augustus Robinson (1791-1866)]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060104063947/http://www.access.prov.vic.gov.au/public/PROVguides/PROVguide067/PROVguide067.jsp Public Record Office Victoria online catalogue "VPRS 2895 Chief Protector of Aborigines: Outward Letter Book 1848–1850 ... VPRS 4399 Duplicate Annual Reports for the Chief Protector of Aborigines 1845– ..."]

4 : History of Australia (1788–1850)|Indigenous Australian politics|History of Indigenous Australians|Organisations serving Indigenous Australians
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