| 词条 | Prunus emarginata |
| 释义 |
| image = Prunus_emarginata_15419.JPG | image_caption = Prunus emarginata leaves and flowers | genus = Prunus | parent = Prunus subg. Cerasus | species = emarginata | authority = (Dougl. ex Hook.) Eaton | range_map = Prunus emarginata range map.jpg | range_map_caption = Natural range | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms =
}}Prunus emarginata, the bitter cherry[2] or Oregon cherry, is a species of Prunus native to western North America, from British Columbia south to Baja California, and east as far as western Wyoming and New Mexico.[3][4] It is often found in recently disturbed areas or open woods on nutrient-rich soil.[5][6][7] DescriptionPrunus emarginata is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to {{convert|1|–|15|m|ft}} tall with a slender oval trunk with smooth gray to reddish-brown bark with horizontal lenticels. The leaves are {{convert|2|–|8|cm|in}} long, thin, egg-shaped, and yellowish-green with unevenly sized teeth on either side. The flowers are small, 10–15 mm diameter, with five white petals and numerous hairlike stamens; they are almond-scented, and produced in clusters in spring, and are pollinated by insects. The fruit is a juicy red or purple cherry 7–14 mm diameter, which, as the plant's English name suggests, are bitter. As well as reproducing by seed, it also sends out underground stems which then sprout above the surface to create a thicket.[6][7][8]There are two varieties:[6][2]
CultivationIt has hybridized with the introduced European Prunus avium in the Puget Sound area; the hybrid has been named Prunus × pugetensis. It is intermediate between the parent species, but is nearly sterile, producing almost no cherries.[9] UsesThe cherries are not very palatable and have been known to cause illness in humans, but animals, especially birds, forage on them. MedicinalNative tribes, most notably Kwakwaka'wakw, used other parts of the plant for medicinal purposes, such as poultices and bark infusions.[10] The isoflavone prunetin was isolated for the first time by Finnemore in 1910 from the bark of P. emarginata.[11] References1. ^The Plant List, Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hook.) Walp. 2. ^1 {{PLANTS|id=PREM|taxon=Prunus emarginata|accessdate=14 October 2015}} 3. ^Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map 4. ^SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, description, distribution map 5. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 26 December 2017}} 6. ^1 2 Plants of British Columbia: Prunus emarginata 7. ^1 Jepson Flora: Prunus emarginata 8. ^Flora of North America, Prunus emarginata (Douglas) Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 7. 463. 1836. Bitter cherry 9. ^Jacobson, A. L. & Zika, P. F. (2007). A new hybrid cherry, Prunus × pugetensis (P. avium × emarginata, Rosaceae), from the Pacific Northwest. Madroño 54: 74–85. Abstract 10. ^Casebeer, M. (2004). Discover California Shrubs. Sonora, California: Hooker Press. {{ISBN|0-9665463-1-8}} 11. ^Isoflavones. III. The structure of prunetin and a new synthesis of genistein. R. L. Shriner, C. J. Hull, J. Org. Chem., 1945, 10 (4), pp 288–291 External links{{commonscat|position=left}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q591062}} 16 : Prunus|Cherries|Flora of the Western United States|Flora of Baja California|Flora of British Columbia|Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands|Natural history of the California Coast Ranges|Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges|Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area|Plants described in 1832|Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains|Natural history of the Transverse Ranges|Plants used in traditional Native American medicine|Bird food plants|Garden plants of North America|Drought-tolerant plants |
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