| 词条 | Prunus grayana |
| 释义 |
| image = P grayana2.JPG |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids | ordo = Rosales | familia = Rosaceae | genus = Prunus | subgenus = Padus[1] or Cerasus{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} | species = P. grayana | binomial = Prunus grayana | binomial_authority = Maxim. |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [2] }}Prunus grayana (syn. Padus grayana (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid., Prunus padus var. japonica Miq.; Japanese bird cherry or Gray's bird cherry; Japanese ウワミズザクラ Uwa-mizu-zakura; Chinese 灰叶稠李 hui ye chou li) is a species of cherry native to Japan and China, occurring at medium altitudes of 1,000–3,800 m in the temperate zone. It prefers sunshine and moist (but drained) soil.[3][4][5] It is a small deciduous tree reaching a height of 8–20 m. The trunk is slender with smooth grey to purple-grey bark marked with horizontal brown lenticels, with a strong smell when cut. The leaves are elliptical to ovoid, 4–10 cm long and 1.8–4.5 cm broad, with a serrated margin with aristate tips to the serrations. The lowest teeth of a leaf feature two glands. The flowers are produced on 5–8 cm long racemes, each flower 7–10 mm diameter, with five white petals; they are hermaphroditic, and appear in mid-spring after the leaves. The fruit is a small drupe, about 8 mm in diameter, green at first, then red and finally ripening black in mid summer.[3][4][6][7] It is very closely related to Prunus padus (Bird cherry), differing in the aristate tips to the leaf serration (blunt-pointed in P. padus), and the longer style in the flower.[7][8] UsesThe flowers, fruit and seed are all edible and are prepared and eaten in Japan. The fruit can be preserved with salt to make a dish called Anningo. The bark and roots are the source of a green dye. The wood is very hard and fissable. It is used in various cabinet-making and various other ornamental applications.[4][9] ClassificationThe taxon was described in 1864 by Miquel as Prunus padus var. japonica, on the basis of specimens collected by Siebold.[11] After a review of the previous literature, Maximowicz in St. Petersburg decided in 1883[12] the tree was a distinct species, and named it Prunus grayana after Asa Gray.References1. ^Rehder, A. 1940, reprinted 1977. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America exclusive of the subtropical and warmer temperate regions. Macmillan publishing Co., Inc, New York. 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-13553 |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |accessdate=January 27, 2014}} 3. ^1 Flora of China: Padus grayana 4. ^1 2 Japanese Tree Encyclopedia: Uwamizuzakura Prunus grayana 5. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 21 January 2018}} 6. ^Botanic Japan: Prunus grayana (in Japanese; [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.botanic.jp/plants-aa/uwamiz.htm&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522Prunus%2Bgrayana%2522%2Bsite:.botanic.jp%26hl%3Den%26c2coff%3D1%26rls%3DRNWE,RNWE:2004-34,RNWE:en google translation]. 7. ^1 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}. 8. ^Flora of China: Padus 9. ^Plants for a Future: Prunus grayana 10. ^{{cite book | author=United States Government Printing Office | title=The Miscellaneous Documents of the House of Representatives for the Second Session of the Fiftieth Congress 1888-89 | year=1889 | location=Washington | publisher=USGPO}} page 788, available at Google Books, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pzcaAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA785&dq=%22List+of+the+Writings+of+Dr+Asa+Gray%22&as_brr=1#PRA2-PA788,M1]. 11. ^Ohba, H., Akiyama, S., & Thijsse, G. (2003). Miquel's new taxa of the vascular plants described from Japan in Prolusio Florae Japonicae and some other works. Page 3 12. ^{{cite journal | last=Maximovicz | first=J.C. | authorlink=Carl Johann Maximowicz | title=Diagnoses plantarum asiaticarum | journal=Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences | volume=XXIX | issue=27 | pages=51–228 | date=1883 }} For the details of the publication including the dates of the volumes and the reprint of the article in Mélange ... see {{cite book | author=Pagès, Léon |author2=Wenckstern, Friedrich von |author3=Palmgren, Valfrid | title=A Bibliography of the Japanese Empire | publisher=E. J. Brill | location=Leiden | date=1895 |page=223 }} External links{{Commons|Prunus grayana}}{{Wikispecies|Prunus grayana}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2700694}} 6 : Bird cherry|Prunus|Flora of Asia|Flora of China|Flora of Japan|Plants described in 1883 |
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