| 词条 | Prunus lusitanica |
| 释义 |
| image = Prunus-lusitanica-fruits.JPG | image_caption = Foliage and immature fruit | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Eudicots | unranked_ordo = Rosids | ordo = Rosales | familia = Rosaceae | genus = Prunus | subgenus = Cerasus{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} or Laurocerasus[1] | sectio = Laurocerasus | species = P. lusitanica | binomial = Prunus lusitanica | binomial_authority = L. |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [2] }}Prunus lusitanica, the Portugal laurel,[3] is a species of the genus Prunus, related to the cherry. It is native to southwestern France, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, and Macaronesia (the Azores, Canary Islands and Madeira).[4][5] DistributionPrunus lusitanica is rare in the wild, found mainly along mountain streams, preferring sunshine and moist but well-drained soils. It is moderately drought-tolerant. It reproduces either sexually (the most successful method) or asexually by cloning from shoots.[6]The species was first scientifically described by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753. Its specific epithet lusitanica means of Lusitania, the Roman name for Portugal. DescriptionPrunus lusitanica is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 3-4m tall. It will grow to {{cvt|20|ft|m|0|order=flip}} high according to some references.[7] The bark is blackish-brown, The leaves are alternate, oval, 7–12 cm long and 3–5 cm broad, with an acute apex and a dentate margin, glossy dark green above, lighter below. They superficially resemble those of the Bay laurel, which accounts for its often being mistaken for one. The flowers are small (10–15 mm diameter) with five small white petals; they are produced on erect or spreading racemes 15–25 cm long in late spring. The fruit is a small cherry-like drupe 8–13 mm in diameter, green or reddish green at first, turning dark purple or black when ripe in late summer or early autumn.[8]
Three subspecies are accepted:[4]{{dead link|date=October 2014}}
CultivationPrunus lusitanica is grown as an ornamental shrub and is widely planted as a hedge and for screening in gardens and parks. It is introduced and locally naturalised in the temperate zone in northern France, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, and the western United States in California, Oregon and Washington State. Similar to its relative Prunus laurocerasus, P. lusitanica has been recognized by some botanists and land managers in both western Washington and Oregon as invasive. It is thought to have spread from cultivated areas into natural areas by birds who consume and defecate the fruits away from the source plant. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10] ToxicityThe leaves of Prunus lusitanica contain cyanide and will release this into the environment if burnt[11] or if crushed.[12] The fruit is somewhat edible if fully ripe, but if it is bitter, it is toxic and should not be eaten.[13] References1. ^Rehder, A. 1940, reprinted 1977. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America exclusive of the subtropical and warmer temperate regions. Macmillan publishing Co., Inc, New York. {{Commons category|Prunus lusitanica}}{{Wikispecies|Prunus lusitanica}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1969110}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-287 |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |accessdate=January 27, 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^1 Euro+Med Plantbase Project: Prunus lusitanica {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003623/http://ww2.bgbm.org/_EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=29971&PTRefFk=500000 |date=2007-09-28 }} 5. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = January 2, 2018}} 6. ^Alarcon, J. A. C. (2001). Geobotany and Conservation Biology Study on Prunus lusitanica L. Iberian populations. Departamento de Biologia. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Available online {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414075220/http://bio-math10.biology.kyushu-u.ac.jp/seminar/2001-03-08a.pdf |date=2006-04-14 }} (pdf file). 7. ^Hay, R. (Ed) 1978. Reader's Digest Encyclopedia of Garden Plants and Flowers. Reader's Digest Association Limited, London. 8. ^Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins {{ISBN|0-00-220013-9}}. 9. ^Note: common names for Prunus lusitanica azorica include Ginja, Gingeira-brava and Ginjeira-do-Mato. {{ cite web |url=http://www.horta.uac.pt/species/plantae/Prunus_lusitanica_azorica/Prunus_lusitanica_azorica.htm |title=Prunus lusitanica azorica |publisher=University of the Azores |date=January 15, 2009 |accessdate=May 21, 2009}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - Prunus lusitanica|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1543|accessdate=29 May 2013}} 11. ^{{ cite web |url=http://www.paghat.com/portuguallaurel.html |title=Paghat's Garden: Prunus lusitanica |date=January 18, 2005 |accessdate=June 14, 2009}}, 12. ^{{ cite web |url=http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2008July/ExhibitionChemistry.asp |title=EiC July 2008 - Feature - Exhibition chemistry: Toxic Hydrogen Cyanide |date=July 2008 |accessdate=June 14, 2009}} 13. ^Plants for a Future: Prunus lusitanica 15 : Prunus|Flora of France|Flora of Spain|Flora of Portugal|Flora of Morocco|Flora of Macaronesia|Flora of the Azores|Flora of the Canary Islands|Flora of Madeira|Invasive plant species in New Zealand|Invasive plant species in the United States|Garden plants of Africa|Garden plants of Europe|Drought-tolerant plants|Plants described in 1753 |
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