| 词条 | Pseudancistrus |
| 释义 |
| image = Descent of Man Appleton 1875 Fig 031.jpg | image_caption = Pseudancistrus barbatus | taxon = Pseudancistrus | authority = Bleeker, 1862 | type_species = Hypostomus barbatus | type_species_authority = Valenciennes, 1840 | synonyms =Lithoxancistrus Isbrücker, Nijssen & Cala, 1988 }} Pseudancistrus is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to South America. TaxonomyPseudancistrus is a genus in the tribe Ancistrini of the subfamily Hypostominae. It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1862, and redescribed by Jonathan Armbruster in 2004.[1] Currently, there are 18 recognized species distributed in northern South America, with the inclusion of the genera Lithoxancistrus, the species formerly known as Hemiancistrus megacephalus, as well as the most recently described Pseudancistrus corantijniensis.[1] There is no single morphological feature which distinguishes the group from related genera. Despite this, Pseudancistrus is generally recognized as a monophyletic group. Within the genus there is what is called the P. barbatus group. This group comprises Guyanese derived Pseudancistrus bearing hypertrophied odontodes along the snout and nonevertible cheek plates. It includes the four species P. barbatus, P. corantijniensis, P. depressus, and P. nigrescens.[2] SpeciesThere are currently 18 recognized species in this genus:
Distribution and habitatPseudancistrus species are found around the Guiana Shield in the Guyanas, Venezuela, and Brazil. They are also found in northeastern Brazil in the Rio Jaguaribe and Rio Grande do Norte. They are associated with swift flowing water over gravel, cobble, and boulders.[1]DescriptionThere is a considerable variation in size within this genus, up to around 20 cm standard length. Most species are not able to evert their cheek plates. In some species, odontodes on the snout may sometimes be extremely hypertrophied.[1] Most species are dark gray, with lighter colouration on the abdomen. In some species, there are light-colored spots or blotches on the sides. Usually, the fins are similarly colored, but in some species there are bands on the caudal fin or an orange or red edging to the dorsal fin and caudal fin.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/zt00628.pdf|journal=Zootaxa|volume=628|pages=1–15|year=2004|title=Pseudancistrus sidereus, a new species from southern Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a redescription of Pseudancistrus|author=Armbruster, J.W.|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.628.1.1}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q3014258}}2. ^1 {{cite journal|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1918|pages=45–58|year=2008|title=Pseudancistrus corantijniensis, a new species from the Guyana Shield (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a molecular and morphological description of the Pseudancistrus barbatus group|author1=de Chambrier, S. |author2=Montoya-Burgos, J.I. |lastauthoramp=yes }} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Silva, G.S.C., Roxo, F.F. & Oliveira, C. |year=2015 |title=Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil |journal=ZooKeys |volume=482 |pages=21–34 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.482.6909|url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4706 }} 4. ^{{cite journal|url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02332p048f.pdf|title=A new species of suckermouth armored catfish, Pseudancistrus kwinti (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coppename River drainage, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Suriname|author=Willink, P.W., Mol, J.H. & Chernoff, B. |journal=Zootaxa|volume=2332|pages=40–48|year=2010}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author=Armbruster, J.W., Werneke, D.C. & Tan, M. |year=2015 |title=Three new species of saddled loricariid catfishes, and a review of Hemiancistrus, Peckoltia, and allied genera (Siluriformes) |journal=ZooKeys |volume=480 |pages=97–123 |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4632 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.480.6540}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|url=http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/pdf/ief18_2_08.pdf|title=Two new species of Pseudancistrus from southern Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)|author=Lujan, N.K., Armbruster, J.W. & Sabaj, M.H. |journal=Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters|volume=18|issue=2|pages=163–174|date=June 2007}} 7. ^{{cite journal|url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01731p041f.pdf|title=A new species of Pseudancistrus from the Río Caroní, Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)|author1=Armbruster, J.W. |author2=Taphorn, D.C. |lastauthoramp=yes |journal=Zootaxa|volume=1731|pages=33–41|year=2008}} 8. ^{{cite journal |author1=Silva G.S.C. |author2=Roxo F.F. |author3=Britzke R. |author4=Oliveira C. | year = 2014 | title = New species of the Pseudancistrus barbatus group (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) with comments on its biogeography and dispersal routes | url = https://www.pensoft.net/J_FILES/1/articles/7011/7011-G-3-layout.pdf | format = PDF | journal = ZooKeys | volume = 406 | issue = | pages = 1–23 | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.406.701}} 7 : Ancistrini|Fish of South America|Fish of Brazil|Fish of Venezuela|Catfish genera|Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker|Freshwater fish genera |
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