| 词条 | Pseudomonas cichorii |
| 释义 |
| color = lightgrey | image = | image_width = 240px | image_caption = | regnum = Bacteria | phylum = Proteobacteria | classis = Gamma Proteobacteria | ordo = Pseudomonadales | familia = Pseudomonadaceae | genus = Pseudomonas | species = P. cichorii | binomial = Pseudomonas cichorii | binomial_authority = (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 | type_strain =ATCC 10857 CCUG 32776 CFBP 2101 CIP 106704 DSM 50259 ICMP 5707 LMG 2162 NCCB 69031 NCPPB 943 | synonyms = Phytomonas cichorii Swingle 1925 Bacterium cichorii (Swingle 1925) Elliott 1930 Pseudomonas endiviae Kotte 1930 Bacterium formosanum Okabe 1935 Chlorobacter cichorii (Swingle 1925) Patel and Kulkarni 1951 Pseudomonas papaveris Luketina and Young, 1978 }}Pseudomonas cichorii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants. It has a wide host range, and can have an important economical impact on lettuce, celery and chrysanthemum crops.[1] P. cichorii was first isolated on endives (Cichorium endivia), from which it derives its name. It produces 6-aminopenicillanic acid.[2] Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. cichorii has been placed in the P. syringae group.[3] Hosts & SymptomsPseudomonas cichorii is non-host specific as it does not infect just one host. Its host range includes lettuce, pepper, celery, coffee, wheat, basil and several other host plants.[4] Symptoms of the causal agent vary depending on the host and the area of the plant infected. In general, pseudomonas cichorii is seen to cause leaf blighting and spotting. The first appearance of symptoms involves a water soaked lesion that develops at the edge of the leaf, midvein or randomly across the leaf [5] These lesions progressively turn black or brown and may be surrounded by yellow halos. These lesions also often “[https://www.ppws.vt.edu/extension/plant-disease-clinic/DiseaseAdvisory/122015_BacterialLeafBlightCausedByPseudomonasCichorii.html coalesce and progress to severe leaf blight under favorable conditions for the bacterium.]”[6] When the infected leaves become dry, the spots often look brittle and crack. EnvironmentPseudomonas cichorii grows in warm, wet and humid areas. It spreads by wind driven rain and survives and infects on wet leaf surfaces. The pathogen is often spread during sprinkler watering and overhead irrigation systems.[7] Plants growing outside exposed to rain exhibit dark brown to black spots on their leaf surface. When the plants are exposed to a limited amount of water and moisture, they exhibit sunken in lesions on both the upper and lower leaf surface. These different spots and lesion types often aid in the identification of P. cichorii. Free moisture on the leaves are known to promote disease development and plant infection.[8]ManagementTo best prevent the spread of pseudomonas cichorii the first intervention is to regulate the free water and watering system of leaves. Overhead sprinklers and hose watering should be replaced with soil irrigation. Soil irrigation is useful because it prevents excess water accumulation on plant surfaces by watering the plant from the root system. Soil irrigation also limits the ability of the seed structures to grow and infect leaf surfaces. A second intervention is watering earlier in the day.[9] Watering earlier in the day gives the leaves more time during the day to dry. A third intervention, is to minimize leaf splashing. This lessens the chance that the infected water will spread to another host. Sanitation is also important. Workers and those handling the infected leaves should wash their hands and keep infected plant material from uninfected areas. These infected cuttings and seedlings should not be planted or kept near uninfected fields as the pathogen is able to survive on the host's seeds.[10] [https://www.ppws.vt.edu/extension/plant-disease-clinic/DiseaseAdvisory/122015_BacterialLeafBlightCausedByPseudomonasCichorii.html Chemical control with appropriately labeled copper or other bactericidal products can be used to help manage the disease] but is not always successful in preventing disease spread when conditions are wet. References1. ^Smith, Dunez, Lelliot, Phillips and Archer (1988) European Handbook of Plant Disease. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 2. ^Huang HT, English AR, Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. US Patent 3,239,427 dated March 8, 1966. 3. ^{{cite journal |author=Anzai |title=Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence |journal=Int J Syst Evol Microbiol |volume= 50 | issue = 4 |pages=1563–89 |date=Jul 2000 |pmid=10939664 |last2=Kim |first2=H |last3=Park |first3=JY |last4=Wakabayashi |first4=H |last5=Oyaizu |first5=H |doi=10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563|display-authors=etal}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Trantas|first=Emmanouil A.|last2=Sarris|first2=Panagiotis F.|last3=Mpalantinaki|first3=Evaggelia E.|last4=Pentari|first4=Marianna G.|last5=Ververidis|first5=Filippos N.|last6=Goumas|first6=Dimitrios E.|date=2013-09-12|title=A new genomovar of Pseudomonas cichorii, a causal agent of tomato pith necrosis|journal=European Journal of Plant Pathology|language=en|volume=137|issue=3|pages=477–493|doi=10.1007/s10658-013-0258-8|issn=0929-1873}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=44942|title=bacterial blight of endive (Pseudomonas cichorii)|website=www.plantwise.org|access-date=2016-11-17}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ppws.vt.edu/extension/plant-disease-clinic/DiseaseAdvisory/122015_BacterialLeafBlightCausedByPseudomonasCichorii.html|title=Plant Disease Update {{!}} Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science {{!}} Virginia Tech|website=www.ppws.vt.edu|access-date=2016-11-17}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r280111511.html|title=UC IPM: Disease Control Outlines for Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries: Geranium|website=ipm.ucanr.edu|access-date=2016-11-17}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/series600/rpd607/|title=IPM : Reports on Plant Diseases : Bacterial Diseases of Geranium|website=ipm.illinois.edu|access-date=2016-11-17}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://negreenhouseupdate.info/photos/chrysanthemum-%E2%80%93-bacterial-leaf-spot-pseudomonas-cichorii-2|title=Chrysanthemum – Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas cichorii) {{!}} UMass Amherst negreenhouseupdate|website=negreenhouseupdate.info|access-date=2016-11-17}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://extension.psu.edu/pests/plant-diseases/all-fact-sheets/chrysanthemum-diseases|title=Chrysanthemum Diseases (Plant Diseases)|website=Plant Diseases (Penn State Extension)|access-date=2016-11-17}} External links
5 : Pseudomonadales|Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases|Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases|Leaf vegetable diseases|Bacteria described in 1925 |
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