| 释义 |
- Distribution and habitat
- Species
- References
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{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
| name = Pseudomyrmex
| image = Pseudomyrmex gracilis casent0103874 profile 1.jpg
| image_caption = Pseudomyrmex gracilis (elongate twig ant) worker
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Arthropoda
| classis = Insecta
| ordo = Hymenoptera
| familia = Formicidae
| subfamilia = Pseudomyrmecinae
| tribus = Pseudomyrmecini
| genus = Pseudomyrmex
| genus_authority = Lund, 1831
| diversity_link = #Species
| diversity = 146 species
| diversity_ref = [1]
| type_species = Formica gracilis
| type_species_authority = Fabricius, 1804
| synonyms =Apedunculata Enzmann, 1944
Clavanoda Enzmann, 1944
Latinoda Enzmann, 1944
Leptalea Erichson, 1839
Myrmex Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Ornatinoda Enzmann, 1944
Pseudomyrma Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Triangulinoda Enzmann, 1944
| synonyms_ref = [3]
}}Pseudomyrmex is a genus of stinging, wasp-like ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World. Distribution and habitatPseudomyrmex is predominantly Neotropical in distribution, but a few species are known from the Nearctic region.[4] Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, Pseudomyrmex pallidus may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of herbaceous plants, and in dead, woody twigs.[2] However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate mutualists with certain species of Acacia.[3] Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example Pseudomyrmex triplarinus is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus Triplaris.[4][5]Species{{div col|colwidth=30em}}- Pseudomyrmex acanthobius (Emery, 1896)
- Pseudomyrmex adustus (Borgmeier, 1929)
- Pseudomyrmex alternans (Santschi, 1936)
- Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961
- Pseudomyrmex antiguanus (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex antiquus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953
- Pseudomyrmex atripes (Smith, 1860)
- Pseudomyrmex avitus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex baros Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935)
- Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863)
- Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967
- Pseudomyrmex brunneus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex caeciliae (Forel, 1913)
- Pseudomyrmex championi (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex cladoicus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex colei (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex concolor (Smith, 1860)
- Pseudomyrmex coronatus (Wheeler, 1942)
- Pseudomyrmex coruscus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel, 1901)
- Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex denticollis (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex depressus (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex distinctus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex duckei (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex eduardi (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex elongatulus (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- Pseudomyrmex elongatus (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex endophytus (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex euryblemma (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex excisus (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex extinctus (Carpenter, 1930)
- Pseudomyrmex faber (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex fervidus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi (Forel, 1908)
- Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex flavicornis (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex flavidulus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex gebellii (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Forel, 1908)
- Pseudomyrmex godmani (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex goeldii (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex haytianus (Forel, 1901)
- Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex holmgreni (Wheeler, 1925)
- Pseudomyrmex incurrens (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex laevifrons Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex laevigatus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex laevivertex (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985
- Pseudomyrmex lynceus (Spinola, 1851)
- Pseudomyrmex macrops Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex maculatus (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex major (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex malignus (Wheeler, 1921)
- Pseudomyrmex mandibularis (Spinola, 1851)
- Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex monochrous (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- Pseudomyrmex nexilis Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex niger (Donisthorpe, 1940)
- Pseudomyrmex nigrescens (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex oculatus (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex oki (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex opacior (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex oryctus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex osurus (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex pallens (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex pazosi (Santschi, 1909)
- Pseudomyrmex peperi (Forel, 1913)
- Pseudomyrmex perboscii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
- Pseudomyrmex peruvianus (Wheeler, 1925)
- Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex pictus (Stitz, 1913)
- Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex prioris Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex pupa (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex reconditus Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex rochai (Forel, 1912)
- Pseudomyrmex rufiventris (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex rufomedius (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex salvini (Forel, 1899)
- Pseudomyrmex santschii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex satanicus (Wheeler, 1942)
- †Pseudomyrmex saxulum LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
- Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Forel, 1901)
- Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985
- Pseudomyrmex sericeus (Mayr, 1870)
- Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958
- Pseudomyrmex solisi (Santschi, 1916)
- Pseudomyrmex spiculus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex squamifer (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex subater (Wheeler, 1914)
- Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus (Emery, 1890)
- Pseudomyrmex succinus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus (Emery, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex terminalis (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex thecolor Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex triplaridis (Forel, 1904)
- Pseudomyrmex triplarinus (Weddell, 1850)
- Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855)
- Pseudomyrmex urbanus (Smith, 1877)
- Pseudomyrmex veneficus (Wheeler, 1942)
- Pseudomyrmex venustus (Smith, 1858)
- †Pseudomyrmex vicinus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858)
- Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989
- Pseudomyrmex voytowskii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex weberi (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex wheeleri (Enzmann, 1944)
{{div col end}}References1. ^{{AntCat|429409|Pseudomyrmex|2014|accessdate=3 July 2014}}
2. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Phillip S. Ward |year=1985 |title=The Neartic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |journal=Quaestiones Entomologicae |volume=21 |pages=209–246 |url=https://archive.org/details/ants_02952}}
3. ^Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408
4. ^Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002053626/http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf |date=2013-10-02 }} Acta Oecologica 32(1) 112–18.
5. ^{{cite journal|last=Ward|first=Philip S.|title=Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1 August 1999|volume=126|issue=4|pages=451–540|doi=10.1006/zjls.1998.0158}}
6. ^1 {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x| title = The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids| journal = Systematic Entomology| volume = 15| issue = 4| pages = 449–489| year = 1990| last1 = Ward | first1 = P. S. }}
[6]
}}External links- {{Commons category-inline|Pseudomyrmex|Pseudomyrmex}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1156280}} 5 : Pseudomyrmecinae|Ant genera|Hymenoptera of South America|Hymenoptera of North America|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |