词条 | Psychological thriller |
释义 |
Psychological thriller is a thriller narrative which emphasizes the unstable or delusional psychological states of its characters. In terms of context and convention, it is a subgenre of the broader ranging thriller narrative structure,[1] with similarities to Gothic and detective fiction in the sense of sometimes having a "dissolving sense of reality". It is often told through the viewpoint of psychologically stressed characters, revealing their distorted mental perceptions and focusing on the complex and often tortured relationships between obsessive and pathological characters.[2] Psychological thrillers often incorporate elements of mystery, drama, action, and paranoia. Not to be confused with psychological horror, which involves more terror than psychosomatic themes. DefinitionPeter Hutchings states varied films have been labeled psychological thrillers, but it usually refers to "narratives with domesticated settings in which action is suppressed and where thrills are provided instead via investigations of the psychologies of the principal characters."[3] A distinguishing characteristic of a psychological thriller is it emphasizes the mental states of its characters: their perceptions, thoughts, distortions, and general struggle to grasp reality.[4] According to director John Madden, psychological thrillers focus on story, character development, choice, and moral conflict; fear and anxiety drive the psychological tension in unpredictable ways. Madden stated their lack of spectacle and strong emphasis on character led to their decline in Hollywood popularity.[5] Psychological thrillers are suspenseful by exploiting uncertainty over characters' motives, honesty, and how they see the world.[6] Films can also cause discomfort in audiences by privileging them with information they wish to share with the characters; guilty characters may suffer similar distress by virtue of their knowledge.[4] However, James N. Frey defines psychological thrillers as a style, rather than a subgenre; Frey states good thrillers focus on the psychology of their antagonists and build suspense slowly through ambiguity.[7] Creators and/or film distributors or publishers who seek to distance themselves from the negative connotations of horror often categorize their work as a psychological thriller.[8] The same situation can occur when critics label a work to be a psychological thriller in order to elevate its perceived literary value.[7] Literary devices and techniques
ThemesMany psychological thrillers have emerged over the past years, all in various media (film, literature, radio, etc.). Despite these very different forms of representation, general trends have appeared throughout the narratives. Some of these consistent themes include:[4]
In psychological thrillers, characters often have to battle an inner struggle. Amnesia is a common plot device used to explore these questions. Character may be threatened with death, be forced to deal with the deaths of others, or fake their own deaths.[4] Psychological thrillers can be complex, and reviewers may recommend a second or third viewing to "decipher its secrets."[12] Common elements may include stock characters, such as a hardboiled detective and serial killer, involved in a cat and mouse game.[13] Sensation novels, examples of early psychological thrillers, were considered to be socially irresponsible due to their themes of sex and violence. These novels, among others, were inspired by the exploits of real-life detective Jack Whicher.[14] Water, especially floods, is frequently used to represent the unconscious mind, such as in What Lies Beneath and In Dreams.[15] Psychological thrillers may not always be concerned with plausibility. Peter Hutchings defines the giallo, an Italian subgenre of psychological thrillers, as violent murder mysteries that focus on style and spectacle over rationality.[16] According to Peter B. Flint of The New York Times, detractors of Alfred Hitchcock accused him of "relying on slick tricks, illogical story lines and wild coincidences".[17] ExamplesScreenwriters and directors
Video games
Film
Television
Literature
References1. ^Dictionary.com, definition, psychological thriller (definition), Accessed November 3, 2013, "...a suspenseful movie or book emphasizing the psychology of its characters rather than the plot; this subgenre of thriller movie or book – Example: In a psychological thriller, the characters are exposed to danger on a mental level rather than a physical one....", 2. ^Christopher Pittard, Blackwell Reference, Psychological Thrillers, Accessed November 3, 2013, "...characteristics of the genre as “a dissolving sense of reality; reticence in moral pronouncements; obsessive, pathological characters; the narrative privileging of complex, tortured relationships” ( Munt 1994)..." 3. ^{{cite book|title=The A to Z of Horror|last=Hutchings|first=Peter|page=253|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810870505|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_5DPHOVG7YC&pg=PA253}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Movies and the Modern Psyche | last=Packer | first=Sharon | publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=9780275993597|pages=87–90|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX4goUP_yh0C&pg=PA87}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9032326/John-Madden-on-psychological-thrillers.html|title=John Madden on Psychological Thrillers|last=Bowie-Sell|first=Daisy|work=Daily Telegraph|date=2012-01-23|accessdate=2013-11-01}} 6. ^{{cite web|first=Erin|last=Whitney|date=2012-11-15|work=Backstage|url=http://www.backstage.com/interview/gretchen-mol-returns-stage-modern-thriller-good-mother/|title=Gretchen Mol Returns to the Stage in 'The Good Mother'|accessdate=2013-08-21|quote="element of a psychological thriller because ... suspenseful feeling of who did what, who's being honest ... about perception..."}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|title=How to Write a Damn Good Thriller|last=Frey|first=James N.|authorlink=James N. Frey|pages=15–19|publisher=Macmillan Publishers | year=2010 | isbn=9781429913638|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POPvQNgZYIQC&pg=PA15}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dreadcentral.com/story/six-things-that-still-drive-me-psycho|title=Six Things that Still Drive Me Psycho|last=Barton|first=Steve|work=DreadCentral|date=2008-05-27|accessdate=2013-11-01}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-08-11-skeleton-key-main_x.htm|title=This Shocking Twist Is ... Secret|first=Anthony|last=Breznican|work=USA Today|date=2005-08-11|accessdate=2013-10-31}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7833135.stm|title=The DNA of detection|last=Taylor|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Taylor (author)|work=BBC|date=2009-01-16|accessdate=2013-10-31}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/news/971272-196/the-week-in-preview-i-am-a.html|title=The Week in Preview: "I am a typed director. If I made Cinderella, the audience would immediately be looking for a body in the coach." – Alfred Hitchcock|first=Teresa|last=Santoski|work=The Nashua Telegraph|date=2012-08-13|accessdate=2013-11-10}} 12. ^{{cite news | first=Stephen | last=Holden | date=2011-04-14 | work=The New York Times|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/movies/the-double-hour-italian-thriller-review.html|title=Romance or Film Noir? Both, and a Thriller|accessdate=2013-08-21}} 13. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/07/31/your_psychological_thriller/ | title=Your Psychological Thriller | last=Wright | first=Chris|work=Boston Globe|date=2011-07-31|accessdate=2013-10-31}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/apr/05/featuresreviews.guardianreview29|title=The Prince of Sleuths|last=Summerscale|first=Kate|authorlink=Kate Summerscale|work=The Guardian|date=2008-04-04|accessdate=2013-11-02}} 15. ^{{cite book | title=Movies and the Mind|last=Indick|first=William|publisher=McFarland & Company | year=2004 | isbn=9780786480920 | page=70 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kU8B-6Bvb94C&pg=PA70}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=The A to Z of Horror Cinema|last=Hutchings|first=Peter|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810870505|pages=141–143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_5DPHOVG7YC&pg=PA141}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0813.html | title=Alfred Hitchcock Dies; A Master of Suspense|last=Flint|first=Peter B.|work=The New York Times | date=1980-04-30 | accessdate=2014-03-23}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2010/brad-anderson-helming-an-amnesiac-serial-killer-film-jack/|title=Brad Anderson Helming an Amnesiac Serial Killer Film 'Jack|last=Anderton|first=Ethan|work=FirstShowing.net|date=2010-05-14|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 19. ^{{cite book| last=Hutchings| first=Peter| title=Defining Cult Movies: the Cultural Politics of Oppositional Taste| year=2003| publisher=Manchester University Press| location=Manchester| isbn=978-0-7190-6631-3| editor1-last=Jancovich| editor1-first=Mark| editor2-last=Reboll| editor2-first=Antionio Lázaro| editor3-last=Stringer| editor3-first=Julian| editor4-last=Willis| editor4-first=Andy| chapter=The Argento Effect|pages=128–132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVVxu6D-ARgC&pg=PA128}} 20. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20448416,00.html|title=Darren Aronofsky: The Swan King|first=Sara|last=Vilkomerson|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=2010-12-10|accessdate=2013-11-02}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Aronofsky-Thrilled-By-Psychology-8429.html|title=Aronofsky Thrilled by Psychology|last=Morgan|first=Jason|work=Cinema Blend|date=2008-04-08|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/mar/03/stoker-chan-wook-review|title=Stoker – review|last=French|first=Philip|authorlink=Philip French|date=2013-03-02|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/feb/12/dangerous-method-david-cronenberg-review|title=A Dangerous Method – review|last=French|first=Philip|authorlink=Philip French|work=The Guardian|date=2012-02-11|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 24. ^{{cite book|title=The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made|editor1-last=Nichols|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor2-last=Scott|editor2-first=A.O.|last=Canby|first=Vincent|chapter=Dressed to Kill|publisher=Macmillan Publishers|year=2004|isbn=9780312326111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55qlWjbs14sC&pg=PA279}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-163076212|title=Shoot to Thrill; the Stunning Psychological Thrillers That Made David Fincher One of Hollywood's Hottest Directors|work=The Mail on Sunday|date=2007-05-06|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 26. ^{{cite news|first=Bosley|last=Crowther|authorlink=Bosley Crowther|date=1941-11-21|work=The New York Times|url=http://partners.nytimes.com/library/film/112141hitch-suspicion-review.html|title=Suspicion a Hitchcock Thriller at Radio City|accessdate=2013-08-21}} 27. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=28778|title=Satoshi Kon Dies At 46|last=de Semlyen|first=Phil|work=Empire|date=2010-08-27|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 28. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1564529,00.html|title=David Lynch wants to get in your bloodstream|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=2006-12-01|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 29. ^{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2010-07-15-inception15_CV_N.htm|title=With 'Inception,' Chris Nolan's head games continue|first=Anthony|last=Breznican|work=USA Today|date=2010-07-16|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 30. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/great-minds-share-a-cesspool-1615451.html|title=Great Minds Share a Cesspool|last=Johnston|first=Sheila|work=The Independent|date=1995-04-13|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 31. ^{{cite web|author=Lawrence Eng|url=http://www.cjas.org/~echen/articles/spring97/05_03b.html|title=In the Eyes of Hideaki Anno, Writer and Director of Evangelion|publisher=CJas.org|accessdate=September 7, 2013}} 32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.northjersey.com/arts_entertainment/95293559_Fear_the_dark__Alan_Wake.html|title='Alan Wake' combines psychological thriller with shooter|last=Lammers|first=Dirk|work=North Jersey Media Group|agency=Associated Press|date=2010-06-01|accessdate=2013-10-29}} 33. ^{{cite news|url=http://techland.time.com/2009/12/29/choose-your-own-adventure-in-psychological-thriller-heavy-rain/|title=Choose Your Own Adventure in Psychological Thriller 'Heavy Rain'|last=John|first=Tracey|work=Time|date=2009-12-29|accessdate=2013-10-31}} 34. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jul/24/entertainment/et-damages24|title=This lawyer earns her fee|last=McNamara|first=Mary|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2007-07-24|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 35. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_8270130|title=There will be blood on CBS via 'Dexter'|last=Barney|first=Chuck|work=San Jose Mercury News|date=2008-02-15|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 36. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=03978317-3343-471e-bda1-9b1a059003e9&sponsor=|archive-url=https://archive.is/20131104104412/http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=03978317-3343-471e-bda1-9b1a059003e9&sponsor=|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-11-04|title=Fox takes chances with Fringe, Dollhouse|date=2008-07-14|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 37. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/8489426/Exile-BBC-One-final-episode-preview.html|title=Exile, BBC One, final episode, preview|work=Daily Telegraph|date=2011-05-03|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 38. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/the-following-natalie-zea-claire-414083|title='The Following': Natalie Zea Previews Fox's Psychological Thriller From Kevin Williamson|last=Ng|first=Philiana|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2013-01-21|accessdate=2013-11-03}} 39. ^{{cite 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H.|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=1997-03-23|accessdate=2013-11-01}} External links
4 : Film genres|Narratology|Thriller genres|Suspense |
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