| 词条 | Pullman (car or coach) |
| 释义 |
In the United States, Pullman was used to refer to railroad sleeping cars that were built and operated on most U.S. railroads by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to December 31, 1968. Other usesPullman also refers to railway dining cars in Europe that were operated by the Pullman Company, or lounge cars operated by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Specifically, in Great Britain, Pullman refers to the lounge cars operated by the British Pullman Car Company. The nickname Pullman coach was used in some European cities for the first long (four-axle) electric tramcars whose appearance resembled the Pullman railway cars and that were usually more comfortable than their predecessors. Such coaches ({{lang-rus|пульмановский вагон|pul'manovsky vagon}}) ran in Kiev from 1907[1][2] and in Odessa from 1912.[3] In the 1920s, tramcars nicknamed Pullmanwagen in German ran in Leipzig, Cologne, Frankfurt and Zürich.[4] In some Western European countries in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, some especially luxurious motor coaches were sometimes referred to as Auto-Pullmans. In 1963, the luxurious Mercedes-Benz 600 was introduced, with a range including a long wheelbase version called Pullman. Later, stretched versions of regular Mercedes-Benz S-Class cars were also called Pullman. In Greek and Italian, the word "pullman" is used to refer to a coach bus. In Greek, it would be spelled as "πούλμαν". In Latin America, pullman may refer to a luxury bus as well as to a railroad sleeping car. In the video game Sid Meier's Railroads!, Players can bid on the "Pullman's Palace Car" patent. This patent makes "Passengers pay an extra 25% to bask in its comfort." See also
Notes1. ^Stefan Mashkevich. Pullman, the first four-axle car in Kiev 2. ^Ю.Ю. Струк (ред.). Киевский трамвай за сорок лет (1892-1932). Киевский коммунальный трамвайный трест, 1933, p. 63 (in Russian) 3. ^История Одесского трамвая (in Russian) 4. ^Hans Bodmer. Das Tram in Zürich, 1928 bis 1962. p. 11 (in German) References
External links
2 : Passenger coaches|Buses by type |
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